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71.
72.
Leah C. J. Shon Phillip C. Shon 《Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling》2023,20(3):196-211
Filicide is defined as the killing of children from birth to age 18 by a natural or step-parent. The legal definition of filicide in Korea does not impose such age limits. Although families in contemporary Korea are nuclear in structure, they were multigenerational prior to the industrialisation that occurred during the second half of the twentieth century. While psychiatric and evolutionary theories have been predominantly used in the filicide literature, prior works have neglected to examine how culture shapes violence against one’s offspring. This paper explores the offence, offender, and victim characteristics in South Korean filicides (1948–1962) through a content analysis of a major newspaper (Chosun Ilbo). Results indicate that filicides occur in one-on-one contexts, primarily carried out by biological parents against their offspring while adoptive children appeared as victims due to the genealogical customs practiced in Korean society. Results indicate that more than 12% of filicide victims are adults. The implications of our findings are discussed. 相似文献
73.
Helping Callers to the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline Who Are at Imminent Risk of Suicide: Evaluation of Caller Risk Profiles and Interventions Implemented 下载免费PDF全文
Madelyn S. Gould PhD MPH Alison M. Lake MA Jimmie Lou Munfakh BA Hanga Galfalvy PhD Marjorie Kleinman MS Caitlin Williams BA Andrew Glass MS Richard McKeon PhD MPH 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2016,46(2):172-190
Crisis lines are settings where identifying individuals at imminent risk of suicidal behavior and intervening to keep them safe are critical activities. We examined clinical characteristics of crisis callers assessed by telephone crisis helpers as being at imminent risk of suicide, and the interventions implemented with these callers. Data were derived from 491 call reports completed by 132 helpers at eight crisis centers in the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline network. Helpers actively engaged the callers in collaborating to keep themselves safe on 76.4% of calls and sent emergency services without the callers' collaboration on 24.6% of calls. Four different profiles of imminent risk calls emerged. Caller profiles and some helper characteristics were associated with intervention type. Our findings provide a first step toward an empirical formulation of imminent risk warning signs and recommended interventions. 相似文献
74.
Suicide After Evaluation for Involuntary Psychiatric Commitment—Who Gets Them and What Influences Survival Time? 下载免费PDF全文
Steven D. Vannoy PhD MPH Bonnie K. Andrews MPH Debra Srebnik PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2016,46(5):634-646
Although involuntary psychiatric hospitalizations are associated with suicide risk, little is known about the relationship between evaluation for involuntary detention and suicide. We analyzed data on 10,082 suicides from 2000 to 2011 to examine demographics related to evaluation for detention and the association between demographics and evaluation dispositions on survival time. Evaluation preceded 11% of suicides; 53.8% of deaths occurred within 365 days, 6.5 times the expected rate. Males and older individuals were least likely to have been evaluated. Minority status and referral disposition influence 30‐day survival time. Risk is highly concentrated in the first year following evaluation. 相似文献
75.
Gilad Gal PhD Itzhak Levav MD Raz Gross MD MPH 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2012,42(5):580-588
The association between childhood and adolescent abuse and suicidal behavior, and the possible contribution of abuse to sex differences in non lethal suicidal behavior, was investigated. Data were extracted from the Israel‐based component of the WHO World Mental Health Survey (Kessler & Utsun, 2008a). Increased risk for ideation, plan, and suicidal attempt were associated with childhood abuse, and increased risk for attempt was associated also with abuse at adolescence. No associations with sex or sex by abuse interactions were observed. The higher frequency of childhood abuse among women could account in part for their higher rates of suicidal attempts as compared to men. 相似文献
76.
The transition from preschool to formal schooling constitutes an important developmental milestone for children and their
families. Very few empirical studies investigating the kindergarten transition for typically developing children have been
published, and fewer have examined transition experiences from the perspective of caregivers. The aims of our study were to
investigate: (1) parent concerns during transition, (2) perceived needs during transition, and (3) parent involvement in kindergarten
preparation activities. Parents/caregivers of 86 general education students transitioning to kindergarten completed a survey
assessing their concerns, needs, and involvement in transition preparation activities. Results suggest that although the majority
of parents expressed few concerns regarding their child’s kindergarten transition, a subset (i.e., 27.9%) reported significant
concerns. The areas of concern most often cited by families in this sample were socio-behavioral in nature. Parents in this
sample expressed a desire for various types of information during transition. Parents most often reported engaging in low
intensity transition practices characterized by generic forms of contact, rather than more individualized and intensive practices
often cited in the literature as best practices. In addition, parent involvement in transition preparation activities differed
by family socioeconomic status as well as district locale. This study offers practical suggestions and policy implications
for coordinating family and school efforts during children’s kindergarten transition. 相似文献
77.
McClimans L 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2011,32(6):389-401
Patient-reported outcomes are increasingly used as dependent variables in studies regarding the effectiveness of clinical
interventions. But patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) do not provide intuitively meaningful data. For instance, it
is not clear what a five point increase or decrease on a particular scale signifies. Establishing ‘interpretability’ involves
making changes in outcomes meaningful. Attempts to interpret PROMs have led to the development of methods for identifying
a minimum important difference (MID). In this paper, however, I draw on Charles Taylor’s distinction between weak and strong
evaluations to suggest that identifying a MID, specifically, a MID that uses a patient-reported reference group, may not provide
an adequate interpretation of these measures. Moreover, I argue that the difficulty with interpreting these measures is tied
to a larger problem concerning their validity. If researchers wish to interpret PROMs, they may first need to know more about
the constructs they attempt to measure, namely, quality of life. 相似文献
78.
There has been much philosophical interest regarding the ‘hierarchy of evidence’ used to determine which study designs are
of most value for reporting on questions of effectiveness, prognosis, and so on. There has been much less philosophical interest
in the choice of outcome measures with which the results of, say, an RCT or a cohort study are presented. In this paper, we
examine the FDA’s recently published guidelines for assessing the psychometric adequacy of patient-reported outcome measures.
We focus on their recommendations for demonstrating content validity and also for how researchers should weigh up the sum
of psychometric evidence when choosing these measures. We argue that questions regarding judgment and understanding meaning
of these measures should play a more central role in determining their adequacy. 相似文献
79.
80.
Leah R. Enders 《Journal of motor behavior》2017,49(1):55-66
The effect of sensory deficits on power grip force from individual phalanges was examined. The authors found that stroke survivors with sensory deficits (determined by the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test) gripped with phalanx force directed more tangential to the object surface, than those without, although both groups had similar motor deficits (Chedoke-McMaster and Fugl-Meyer), grip strength, and skin friction. Altered grip force direction elevates risk of finger slippage against the object thus grip loss/object dropping, hindering activities of daily living. Altered grip force direction was associated with altered muscle activation patterns. In summary, the motor impairment level alone may not describe hand motor control in detail. Information about sensory deficits helps elucidate patients' hand motor control with functional relevance. 相似文献