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61.
Leah C. J. Shon Phillip C. Shon 《Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling》2023,20(3):196-211
Filicide is defined as the killing of children from birth to age 18 by a natural or step-parent. The legal definition of filicide in Korea does not impose such age limits. Although families in contemporary Korea are nuclear in structure, they were multigenerational prior to the industrialisation that occurred during the second half of the twentieth century. While psychiatric and evolutionary theories have been predominantly used in the filicide literature, prior works have neglected to examine how culture shapes violence against one’s offspring. This paper explores the offence, offender, and victim characteristics in South Korean filicides (1948–1962) through a content analysis of a major newspaper (Chosun Ilbo). Results indicate that filicides occur in one-on-one contexts, primarily carried out by biological parents against their offspring while adoptive children appeared as victims due to the genealogical customs practiced in Korean society. Results indicate that more than 12% of filicide victims are adults. The implications of our findings are discussed. 相似文献
62.
The transition from preschool to formal schooling constitutes an important developmental milestone for children and their
families. Very few empirical studies investigating the kindergarten transition for typically developing children have been
published, and fewer have examined transition experiences from the perspective of caregivers. The aims of our study were to
investigate: (1) parent concerns during transition, (2) perceived needs during transition, and (3) parent involvement in kindergarten
preparation activities. Parents/caregivers of 86 general education students transitioning to kindergarten completed a survey
assessing their concerns, needs, and involvement in transition preparation activities. Results suggest that although the majority
of parents expressed few concerns regarding their child’s kindergarten transition, a subset (i.e., 27.9%) reported significant
concerns. The areas of concern most often cited by families in this sample were socio-behavioral in nature. Parents in this
sample expressed a desire for various types of information during transition. Parents most often reported engaging in low
intensity transition practices characterized by generic forms of contact, rather than more individualized and intensive practices
often cited in the literature as best practices. In addition, parent involvement in transition preparation activities differed
by family socioeconomic status as well as district locale. This study offers practical suggestions and policy implications
for coordinating family and school efforts during children’s kindergarten transition. 相似文献
63.
McClimans L 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2011,32(6):389-401
Patient-reported outcomes are increasingly used as dependent variables in studies regarding the effectiveness of clinical
interventions. But patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) do not provide intuitively meaningful data. For instance, it
is not clear what a five point increase or decrease on a particular scale signifies. Establishing ‘interpretability’ involves
making changes in outcomes meaningful. Attempts to interpret PROMs have led to the development of methods for identifying
a minimum important difference (MID). In this paper, however, I draw on Charles Taylor’s distinction between weak and strong
evaluations to suggest that identifying a MID, specifically, a MID that uses a patient-reported reference group, may not provide
an adequate interpretation of these measures. Moreover, I argue that the difficulty with interpreting these measures is tied
to a larger problem concerning their validity. If researchers wish to interpret PROMs, they may first need to know more about
the constructs they attempt to measure, namely, quality of life. 相似文献
64.
There has been much philosophical interest regarding the ‘hierarchy of evidence’ used to determine which study designs are
of most value for reporting on questions of effectiveness, prognosis, and so on. There has been much less philosophical interest
in the choice of outcome measures with which the results of, say, an RCT or a cohort study are presented. In this paper, we
examine the FDA’s recently published guidelines for assessing the psychometric adequacy of patient-reported outcome measures.
We focus on their recommendations for demonstrating content validity and also for how researchers should weigh up the sum
of psychometric evidence when choosing these measures. We argue that questions regarding judgment and understanding meaning
of these measures should play a more central role in determining their adequacy. 相似文献
65.
Leah R. Enders 《Journal of motor behavior》2017,49(1):55-66
The effect of sensory deficits on power grip force from individual phalanges was examined. The authors found that stroke survivors with sensory deficits (determined by the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test) gripped with phalanx force directed more tangential to the object surface, than those without, although both groups had similar motor deficits (Chedoke-McMaster and Fugl-Meyer), grip strength, and skin friction. Altered grip force direction elevates risk of finger slippage against the object thus grip loss/object dropping, hindering activities of daily living. Altered grip force direction was associated with altered muscle activation patterns. In summary, the motor impairment level alone may not describe hand motor control in detail. Information about sensory deficits helps elucidate patients' hand motor control with functional relevance. 相似文献
66.
Joan S. Girgus Stanley Coren Leah Horowitz 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1973,13(1):157-160
Illusion decrement with prolonged inspection was used as a technique to assess the relative amount of central component in seven variants of the Mueller-Lyer illusion. Results indicate that all of the variant forms share a common, central component, while the peripheral components, such as lateral inhibition, vary as a function of the presence of converging lines in the illusion configurations. 相似文献
67.
Koehler LJ Iwata BA Roscoe EM Rolider NU O'Steen LE 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2005,38(4):469-484
We examined the effects of stimulus (reinforcer) variation in several different contexts. In Study 1, we identified high-quality (HQ) and low-quality (LQ) stimuli based on results of a paired-stimulus assessment and examined their effects when available under concurrent-reinforcement schedules for 8 participants. No participants showed preference for the LQ stimuli when compared singly or in a varied arrangement to the HQ stimulus. In Study 2, we identified nonpreferred (NP) stimuli based on results of a single-stimulus assessment and examined their effects when available under single-reinforcement schedules for 3 participants. Results of Study 2 were mixed. One participant's data indicated that the varied presentation of NP stimuli produced a modest improvement in performance over that observed when the stimuli were presented singly. By contrast, a second participant's data showed no facilitative effect for the varied delivery of NP stimuli and that the inclusion of an HQ stimulus in the varied arrangement obscured the reinforcing effects of the HQ stimulus. The 3rd participant's data showed no effect for the varied delivery of NP stimuli but an apparent facilitative effect when an HQ stimulus was included in the varied arrangement, which was attributable solely to the presence of the HQ stimulus. 相似文献
68.
The affective structure of supportive parenting: depressive symptoms, immediate emotions, and child-oriented motivation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study investigated the maternal concerns and emotions that may regulate one form of sensitive parenting, support for children's immediate desires or intentions. While reviewing a videotape of interactions with their 1-year-olds, mothers who varied on depressive symptoms reported concerns and emotions they had during the interaction. Emotions reflected outcomes either to children (child-oriented concerns) or to mothers themselves (parent-oriented concerns). Child-oriented concerns were associated with fewer negative emotions and more supportive behavior. Supportive parenting was high among mothers who experienced high joy and worry and low anger, sadness, and guilt. However, relations depended on whether emotions were child or parent oriented: Supportive behavior occurred more when emotions were child oriented. In addition, as depressive symptoms increased, mothers reported fewer child-oriented concerns, fewer child-oriented positive emotions, and more parent-oriented negative emotions. They also displayed less supportive behavior. Findings suggest that support for children's immediate intentions may be regulated by parents' concerns, immediate emotions, and depressive symptoms. 相似文献
69.
The present study examined the joint effects of repetition and response deadline on associative recognition in older adults. Young and older adults studied lists of unrelated word pairs, half presented once (weak pairs) and half presented four times (strong pairs). Test lists contained old (intact) pairs, pairs consisting of old words that had been studied with other partners (rearranged lures), and unstudied pairs (new lures), and participants were asked to respond "old" only to intact pairs. In Experiment 1, participants were tested with both short and long deadlines. In Experiment 2, the tests were unpaced. In both experiments, repetition increased hit rates for young and older adults. Young adults tested with a long deadline showed reduced (Experiment 1) or invariant (Experiment 2) false alarms to rearranged lures when word pairs were studied more often. Young adults tested with a short deadline and older adults tested under all conditions had increased false alarm rates forstrong rearranged pairs. Implications of these results for theories of associative recognition and cognitive aging are explored. 相似文献
70.
Dindo M. Campilan Gordon Prain Cherry Leah Bagalanon 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》1999,11(4):114-131
This paper discusses the experience of a Philippines-based agricultural research program, where participatory evaluation is
embedded in a broader, user-centered participatory research approach. Three case projects illustrate and analyze participatory
evaluation of agricultural research in a developing country context. Different evaluation types are identified and their use
in different phases of the research process is discussed. These field experiences show how “evaluation from the inside” can
contribute to effective research planning and implementation, particularly in enhancing sensitivity to user needs and situations.
network for user participatory rootcrop R&D sponsored by the International Potato Center in Asia. Under his leadership, UPWARD
has increasingly sought to build participatory monitoring and evaluation into the network’s research and development activities.
He has a Ph.D. in communication and innovation studies from Wageningen Agricultural University in The Netherlands. Prior joining
UPWARD, Campilan worked with the International Institute of Rural Reconstruction and the Philippine Root Crop Research and
Training Center. His research interests include communication of innovations, institutional linkage development, participatory
research methods and tools, and strengthening local knowledge systems.
From 1991 until 1997 he was coordinator of Users’ Perspectives With Agricultural Research and Development (UPWARD) network.
He was previously based in Latin America. His main research interests include the socioeconomic and cultural aspects of crop
genetic diversity conservation and utilization involving ethnobotanical studies, on-farm conservation, and work on seed systems.
He is also interested in research on rural enterprise development. He has been actively involved in capacity building initiatives
among national agricultural researchers, especially in participatory research methods and planning techniques. He can be contacted
CIP-ESEAP, Kebun Percobaan Muara, Jalan Raya Ciapus, Bogor 16610, Indonesia, fax (62 251) 316 264, e-mail: G.Prain@cgiar.org.
Her major responsibilities include facilitating the network’s activities on sustainable crop management R&D and on capacity
building in participatory approaches and methods. At the UPWARD coordinating office, she is in charge of training, publications,
and information management. She has extensive training and hands on experience in the use of participatory methods and tools,
particularly through a Philippines project on soil resource management for sweetpotato production. She has an MSc in family
resource management and development communication from the University of the Philippines at Los Ba?os. Her research interests
include sustainable crop management, strengthening local R&D capacity, and field testing participatory methods and tools. 相似文献