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121.
Three intervention packages consisting of (a) enhanced prompts, feedback, and social reinforcement; (b) a lottery; and (c) serving as a confederate were added and removed in sequence as adjacent conditions in an extended withdrawal design to assess their effects on the dietary choices of elderly persons. Participants were 3 elderly residents of an independent living facility who were identified as making consistently poor dietary choices and who had medical conditions that necessitated changes in their eating habits. All 3 participants demonstrated a marked increase in healthy choices of food items in response to the package of enhanced prompts, feedback, and social reinforcement. No additional increase occurred with the introduction of the lottery and serving as a confederate. Food-choice data indicated that most of these improvements could be attributed to healthier entree and dessert choices. Group data for all residents suggested small improvements in dietary practices during the three intervention conditions, with the largest proportion of the group's healthy choices occurring when the lottery was added to enhanced prompts, feedback, and social reinforcement. Food-choice data indicated that most of these improvements could be attributed to healthier dessert choices alone. 相似文献
122.
123.
Avoidance Behavior Following Terror Event Exposure: Effects of Perceived Life Threat and Jewish Religious Coping 下载免费PDF全文
Gil Zukerman Liat Korn Ephraim Shapiro Leah Fostick 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2016,55(3):516-530
The current research was designed to examine associations of perceived life threat (PLT) and religious coping with the development of avoidance behavior following terror event exposure. Based upon the terror management theory (TMT), we hypothesized that religious coping, through its effect on religious beliefs as a meaning system, would moderate the impact of threat, as expressed in PLT, on an individual's reaction to terror event exposure, as manifested in avoidance behavior. Participants were 591 Israeli Jewish students who were vicariously or directly exposed to a terror event in the past. We report a significant interaction between PLT and negative religious coping. PLT was positively associated with avoidance behavior but this relationship was more profound among persons who reported high negative religious coping. Secular students reported higher rates of avoidance behavior and negative religious coping and were more likely than religious students to report intrapersonal religious conflict. Our findings suggest that terror event exposure is associated with an elevated sense of threat, which is, at least in part, associated with a weakening of prior religious beliefs. 相似文献
124.
Leah L. Zullig George L. Jackson Dawn Provenzale Joan M. Griffin Sean Phelan Jason A. Nieuwsma Michelle van Ryn 《Journal of religion and health》2014,53(2):498-510
The aim of the study was to examine utilization of chaplain services among Veterans Affairs patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). In 2009, the Cancer Care Assessment and Responsive Evaluation Studies questionnaire was mailed to VA CRC patients diagnosed in 2008 (67 % response rate). Multivariable logistic regression examined factors associated with chaplain utilization. Of 918 male respondents, 36 % reported utilizing chaplains. Chaplain services were more likely to be utilized by patients with higher pain levels (OR = 1.017; 95 % CI = 0.999–1.035), younger age (age OR = 0.979; 95 % CI = 0.964–0.996), and later cancer stage (early stage OR = 0.743; 95 % CI = 0.559–0.985). Chaplain services are most utilized by younger, sicker patients. 相似文献
125.
Meredith M. Patterson Leah L. Light Jeffrey C. Van Ocker ∗ Darlene Olfman 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(5):535-562
ABSTRACT The ability of young (aged 18–30) and older (aged 60–80) adults to discriminate pre-experimental (semantic) from experimental (episodic) associations was examined. Participants studied a list containing semantically related and unrelated word pairs and then made either associative recognition (Experiments 1a and b) or semantic relatedness (Experiment 2) judgments at various response deadlines. For associative recognition judgments, both young and older adults benefited from semantic relatedness, leading to more hits for related than unrelated pairs, and at the long response deadline, older adults' performance on those pairs matched that of young participants. Also, both young and older adults demonstrated superior discrimination for unrelated lures whose members had originally been studied in related pairs – evidence for recall-to-reject processing in both age groups. In making semantic relatedness judgments, both young and older adults showed an episodic priming effect. When older adults can rely on long-standing associations, their performance resembles that of young adults – both in associative recognition and in episodic priming. 相似文献
126.
Over the past two decades, a number of studies have been based on the dichotic temporal order judgment (TOJ) paradigm, to compare auditory temporal processing in various subpopulations to that of young, normal controls. The reported estimates of dichotic TOJ thresholds, expressed as the interstimulus intervals (ISIs) for 75 % accuracy among the controls, have varied. In the present study, we examined the influence of tone duration, within the 10- to 40-msec range, on dichotic TOJ accuracy and threshold. The results indicated that increases in either ISI or tone duration increased dichotic TOJ accuracy similarly, implying that changes in tone duration may affect dichotic TOJs simply by adding to the delay between onset of the tone at the lead ear and onset of the tone at the lag ear. The dichotic TOJ thresholds from three published studies that had used tones as stimuli and the dichotic thresholds from the present study all fell within 0.5 standard deviations from the theoretical line of a 10-msec reduction in threshold for every 10-msec increase in tone duration. When the dichotic TOJ threshold data from the present study and from the published studies were converted to stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) and plotted as a function of tone duration, they fell very close to or on a zero-slope line, indicating that when ISI and duration are summed to yield an SOA, dichotic TOJ thresholds are invariant to tone duration within the range of 10–40 msec. 相似文献
127.
Thomas G. Ghirardelli Carol Bergfeld Mills Monica K. C. Zilioli Leah P. Bailey Paige K. Kretschmar 《The Journal of general psychology》2013,140(2):175-189
To investigate the effects of color–digit synesthesia on numerical representation, we presented a synesthete, called SE, in the present study, and controls with mathematical equations for verification. In Experiment 1, SE verified addition equations made up of digits that either matched or mismatched her color–digit photisms or were in black. In Experiment 2A, the addends were presented in the different color conditions and the solution was presented in black, whereas in Experiment 2B the addends were presented in black and the solutions were presented in the different color conditions. In Experiment 3, multiplication and division equations were presented in the same color conditions as in Experiment 1. SE responded significantly faster to equations that matched her photisms than to those that did not; controls did not show this effect. These results suggest that photisms influence the processing of digits in arithmetic verification, replicating and extending previous findings. 相似文献
128.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of pain and depression in night time and daytime functioning of individuals with lupus. A cross-sectional research design was used. Participants were recruited via a mail-out to members of the Lupus Australia Foundation and the Lupus Association of New South Wales. One hundred and fifty-four participants completed a questionnaire package consisting of a Lupus Medical and Symptoms Questionnaire designed by the researchers, the Cardiac Depression Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that pain principally predicted levels of sleep disturbance, whilst depression and pain (to a lesser extent) together predicted daytime dysfunction. The present results suggested the need for more adequate pain management, particularly at night and psychological interventions to decrease levels of depression that interfere with daily functioning in individuals with lupus. 相似文献
129.
A new non-verbal, multidimensional approach to self-concept measurement (SOO tasks) was compared to one representative of the traditional verbal measurement approach. Both self-concept measures and an anxiety measure were administered to 25 boys and 23 girls. Correlations between the measures were generally disappointing but typically more positive for the girls. The question of methods variance overshadowing any trait variance common to the self-concept measures was viewed as needing further study, since a non-verbal approach to self-concept measurement could avoid the problems of response set. Some tentative hypotheses regarding the SOO tasks and sex differences in self-concept were discussed. 相似文献
130.
Patty Ferssizidis Leah M. Adams Todd B. Kashdan Christine Plummer Anjali Mishra Joseph Ciarrochi 《Motivation and emotion》2010,34(4):354-362
The primary aim of this study was to examine how motives and commitment to social values influence well-being in men and women
of different ages. College students and older adults in the community reported on their motivational orientation (intrinsic
vs. extrinsic), behavioral commitment to idiographic social values, and their current well-being (satisfaction with life,
positive and negative affect). We tested a series of path models with motivational orientation mediating the relationship
between commitment to values and well-being. Consistent with self-determination theory, we found that behavioral commitment
to intrinsically motivating social values was related to greater life satisfaction and positive affect, whereas being committed
to extrinsically motivating values was related to greater negative affect. While age and gender did not moderate these relationships,
meaningful age and gender differences emerged across value-based motivations, commitment, and indices of well-being. This
work adds to our understanding of how values are a guiding influence for successful navigation of one’s social world. 相似文献