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71.
Greenfield TK Stoneking BC Humphreys K Sundby E Bond J 《American journal of community psychology》2008,42(1-2):135-144
This experiment compared the effectiveness of an unlocked, mental health consumer-managed, crisis residential program (CRP) to a locked, inpatient psychiatric facility (LIPF) for adults civilly committed for severe psychiatric problems. Following screening and informed consent, participants (n = 393) were randomized to the CRP or the LIPF and interviewed at baseline and at 30-day, 6-month, and 1-year post admission. Outcomes were costs, level of functioning, psychiatric symptoms, self-esteem, enrichment, and service satisfaction. Treatment outcomes were compared using hierarchical linear models. Participants in the CRP experienced significantly greater improvement on interviewer-rated and self-reported psychopathology than did participants in the LIPF condition; service satisfaction was dramatically higher in the CRP condition. CRP-style facilities are a viable alternative to psychiatric hospitalization for many individuals facing civil commitment. 相似文献
72.
This quasi-experiment tested the extent to which an individual characteristic, psychological flexibility, moderated the effects of a control-enhancing work reorganization intervention in a call center. Results indicated that, compared with a control group, this intervention produced improvements in mental health and absence rates, particularly for individuals with higher levels of psychological flexibility. Findings also showed that these moderated intervention effects were mediated by job control. Specifically, the intervention enhanced perceptions of job control, and hence its outcomes, for the people who received it, especially for those who had greater psychological flexibility. Discussion highlights the benefits of understanding the processes (e.g., mediators, moderators, and mediated moderators) involved in work reorganization interventions. 相似文献
73.
This story explores an intervention conducted in a Catholic parish community in New York City. The intervention, conducted by the author and a Jesuit priest, focused on issues of unity and diversity among the various Chinese immigrant subgroups in the parish (primarily Cantonese‐ and Mandarin‐speakers). Issues of class, power, and a history of colonialism in the Catholic Church are explored as central to the relations among culturally diverse Chinese American community members and between the members and the practitioners and the church authority. The author especially focuses on how the dynamics that played out in the intervention reflected wider issues of economics, labor practices, and political elitism in the wider Chinatown community. A central part of the author's argument is about power relationships between this parish community and Chinatown and how these power relationships are embedded within broader racial and economic oppression within the United States. 相似文献
74.
Genetic and environmental sources of continuity and change in aggression were studied in a sample of 1,041 twin pairs (364 monozygotic; 348 same‐sex dizygotic; and 329 opposite‐sex dizygotic) as part of an ongoing, population‐based Finnish twin‐family study. At ages 12 and 14, the twins' aggression was assessed by their classroom teachers, using a rating form of the Multidimensional Peer Nomination Inventory. Genetic and environmental sources of continuity and change were studied by fitting a longitudinal bivariate Cholesky decomposition model. Longitudinal model‐fitting results indicated that both genetic and environmental factors influenced continuity in aggression during this 2‐year period, but the age‐to‐age correlation of these factors differed by sex. Continuity in boys' aggression was mediated by genes and common environmental factors; in girls, in contrast, continuity was due primarily to common environmental, and to a lesser degree, unique environmental factors. Genes and unique environments contributed to change in aggression in both sexes. Aggr. Behav. 31:1–13, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
75.
Yanjun Guan Yu Guo Michael Harris Bond Zijun Cai Xiang Zhou Jingwen Xu Fei Zhu Zhen Wang Ruchunyi Fu Songbo Liu Yanan Wang Tianlong Hu Lihui Ye 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2014
Based on career construction theory and the model of proactive motivation, the current research examined the mediating and moderating models for the relations among future work self, career adaptability, job search self-efficacy and employment status. A survey study was conducted among Chinese university graduates (N = 270). The results showed that future work self (measured at wave 1) had positive effect on employment status (measured at wave 3), with this relationship partially mediated by career adaptability (measured at wave 1) and job search self-efficacy (measured at wave 2). In addition, the results further revealed that the positive effect of future work self on job search self-efficacy was stronger among the graduates who had a higher level of career adaptability. In support of the hypothesized moderated mediation model, for individuals with a higher level of career adaptability, the indirect effect of future work self on employment status through job search self-efficacy was stronger. These findings carry implications for research on job search behavior, career education and career counseling. 相似文献
76.
Kerrie G. Wilkins Sara Santilli Lea Ferrari Laura Nota Terence J.G. Tracey Salvatore Soresi 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2014,85(3):329-338
Using a sample of 242 Italian high school students, we examined the direct relation of hope and optimism on four dimensions of career adaptability (i.e. curiosity, confidence, control, and concern) as well as the mediating effect of these four adaptability dimensions on the relations of hope and optimism on the subcomponents of satisfaction. The results of the study demonstrated that both hope and optimism significantly predicted various dimensions of career adaptability. Additionally, the degree to which hope related to students' subcomponents of satisfaction was mediated by two of the four dimensions of career adaptability (i.e. curiosity and confidence). The dimensions of adaptability did not mediate the relations of optimism on satisfaction. These findings have implications for both research and practice. 相似文献
77.
The present research provides evidence that people use facial prototypes when they encounter different names. In Experiment
1, participants created face exemplars for fifteen common male names, subsets of which were endorsed as good examples by a
second set of participants. These most typical faces were morphed to create face-name prototypes. In Experiment 2, participants
matched one of the names to each of the prototype faces from Experiment 1. Participants’ matching choices showed convergence
in naming the prototypes for many of the names. Experiment 3 utilized these same prototypes in a learning task designed to
investigate if the face-name associations revealed in Experiment 2 impacted the learnability of the names. Participants learned
face-name pairings that had a higher association (based on frequencies from Experiment 2) faster than pairings with a low
association. Results suggest a more direct relationship between faces and names than has been previously proposed. 相似文献
78.
Parental personality as an inner resource that moderates the impact of ecological adversity on parenting 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kochanska G Aksan N Penney SJ Boldt LJ 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2007,92(1):136-150
Parents' personality was examined as a moderator of the impact of demographic risk on parenting in a longitudinal study (N=102 families). Parents' personality and demographic risk (i.e., education level, age, family income, and family size) were assessed when children were infants, and parents' power assertion, warmth, and positive affect were observed in naturalistic interactions 2.5 years later. Parents' personality moderated the adverse impact of demographic risk on parenting. For parents who had memories of unstable and unhappy childhood experiences and who reported low conventionality, higher risk was linked to more power assertion, but there was no such link for those parents who recalled happy childhood experiences and who embraced conventions. For both parents who lacked a sense of optimism and social trust, and for fathers who reported low conventionality, higher risk was linked to less affectively positive parenting, but there was no such link for parents who were optimistic and trusting or for fathers who were conventional. Higher risk was linked to more power assertion, but only for mothers low in Extraversion and for fathers high in Neuroticism. 相似文献
79.
Insects, birds, and mammals have been shown capable of encoding spatial information in memory using multiple strategies or
frames of reference simultaneously. These strategies include orientation to a goal-specific cue or beacon, to the position
of the goal in an array of local landmarks, or to its position in the array of distant landmarks, also known as the global
frame of reference. From previous experiments, it appears that birds and mammals that scatter hoard rely primarily on a global
frame of reference, but this generalization depends on evidence from only a few species. Here we examined spatial memory in
a previously unstudied scatter hoarder, the southern flying squirrel. We dissociated the relative weighting of three potential
spatial strategies (beacon, global, or relative array strategy) with three probe tests: transposition of beacon and the rotation
or the expansion of the array. The squirrels’ choices were consistent with a spatial averaging strategy, where they chose
the location dictated by at least two of the three strategies, rather than using a single preferred frame of reference. This
adaptive and flexible heuristic has not been previously described in animal orientation studies, yet it may be a common solution
to the universal problem of encoding and recalling spatial locations in an ephemeral physical landscape. 相似文献
80.
Lea Pulkkinen 《欧洲人格杂志》2001,15(2):83-104
In an ongoing longitudinal study, a Big Five Personality Inventory was completed by 122 men and 126 women at age 33. At age 36, the Brief Mood Introspection Scale, the Meta‐Evaluation Scale, and the Meta‐Regulation Scale were administered to 140 men and 127 women. The results, based on path analyses, lent support to a hypothesized model, according to which current mood (Negative, Positive, Active, Calm) and mood evaluation (Mood Influence, Typicality and Acceptance, Clarity) mediate the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and emotion regulation strategies (Repair, Dampening, Maintenance). For both sexes, Neuroticism was the most significant trait in terms of emotion regulation. A sex difference emerged: in general, personality traits and mood variables explained emotion regulation more significantly in men. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献