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111.
112.
Cross‐cultural Generalizability of the Alternative Five‐factor Model Using the Zuckerman–Kuhlman–Aluja Personality Questionnaire
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Jérôme Rossier Oumar Barry Michel Hansenne André F. Carvalho Mauricio Valdivia Wei Wang Olivier Desrichard Thomas Hyphantis Zsuzsanna Suranyi Joseph Glicksohn Vilfredo De Pascalis Elizabeth León‐Mayer Aleksei Piskunov Adam Stivers Julien Morizot Fritz Ostendorf Đorđe Čekrlija Tarek Bellaj Dorota Markiewicz Abbas Motevalian Gokhan Karagonlar 《欧洲人格杂志》2016,30(2):139-157
Several personality models are known for being replicable across cultures, such as the Five‐Factor Model (FFM) or Eysenck's Psychoticism–Extraversion–Neuroticism (PEN) model, and are for this reason considered universal. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the cross‐cultural replicability of the recently revised Alternative FFM (AFFM). A total of 15 048 participants from 23 cultures completed the Zuckerman–Kuhlman–Aluja Personality Questionnaire (ZKA‐PQ) aimed at assessing personality according to this revised AFFM. Internal consistencies, gender differences and correlations with age were similar across cultures for all five factors and facet scales. The AFFM structure was very similar across samples and can be considered as highly replicable with total congruence coefficients ranging from .94 to .99. Measurement invariance across cultures was assessed using multi‐group confirmatory factor analyses, and each higher‐order personality factor did reach configural and metric invariance. Scalar invariance was never reached, which implies that culture‐specific norms should be considered. The underlying structure of the ZKA‐PQ replicates well across cultures, suggesting that this questionnaire can be used in a large diversity of cultures and that the AFFM might be as universal as the FFM or the PEN model. This suggests that more research is needed to identify and define an integrative framework underlying these personality models. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology 相似文献
113.
There is a growing body of research suggesting that the shorter versions of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) may provide an accurate assessment of effort in children. During neuropsychological evaluations, some circumstances result in only one completed trial of the TOMM or partial completion of a trial. Research suggests that a cut-score of 40 or 41 on Trial1 is highly predictive of passing the TOMM overall. In the current study, 194 school-age children with academic and/or behavioral problems were used to compare the accuracy of TOMM1 and TOMMe10 (errors on the first 10 items of TOMM1) in predicting passing/failing of TOMM2. For the children in this sample, a score of < 40 items correct (≥ 10 errors) on TOMM1 was highly accurate in predicting a passing performance on the TOMM2 (sensitivity = .80, specificity = .91) with a Negative Predictive Value = .98 at the malingering base rate of 7% (TOMM2 failure in our sample). A score of 2 errors (8 items correct) on the TOMMe10 was slightly less sensitive than that of the TOMM1 (specificity = .96, sensitivity = .53) but with a similar Negative Predictive Value (.96). Consistent with the research from adult populations, TOMM1 and TOMMe10 appear to be quite accurate in predicting performance on the standard administration of the TOMM and may be useful screeners. However, compared to that found in adult samples, slight differences in suggested cutoffs for TOMM1 and TOMMe10 may be warranted for children. 相似文献
114.
Tool use in left brain damage and Alzheimer's disease: What about function and manipulation knowledge?
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Christophe Jarry François Osiurak Jérémy Besnard Josselin Baumard Mathieu Lesourd Bernard Croisile Frédérique Etcharry‐Bouyx Valérie Chauviré Didier Le Gall 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2016,10(1):154-159
Tool use disorders are usually associated with difficulties in retrieving function and manipulation knowledge. Here, we investigate tool use (Real Tool Use, RTU), function (Functional Association, FA) and manipulation knowledge (Gesture Recognition, GR) in 17 left‐brain‐damaged (LBD) patients and 14 AD patients (Alzheimer disease). LBD group exhibited predicted deficit on RTU but not on FA and GR while AD patients showed deficits on GR and FA with preserved tool use skills. These findings question the role played by function and manipulation knowledge in actual tool use. 相似文献
115.
本文把俄罗斯个性心理学的新近发展与动向概括为六个方面1)转向现实中个性的研究;2)由重视方法论转向问题化研究;3)个性类型学的研究;4)越来越重视个性积极性的研究;5)转向交往和发展中个性的研究;6)主体研究的复兴. 相似文献
116.
中学欺侮行为现状研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
对湖南两所中学的399名中学生学校欺侮行为进行了研究,结果发现,经常受欺侮者为27%,欺侮者为14%。欺侮行为发生的地点是学校,发生的时间一般是课间。对于受欺侮者而言,没有性别差异,但是欺侮者以男生为主。受欺侮行为随年龄的增长在下降,而欺侮行为为则在上升。 相似文献
117.
118.
大学生人际信任变迁的横断历史研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在当代剧烈的社会变迁背景下, 人们的信任水平可能会发生改变。本文采用横断历史研究方法, 对采用Rotter “人际信任量表”调查大学生人际信任水平的53篇研究报告进行了元分析, 这些文献涉及24233名大学生, 调查的时间跨度为1998年至2009年。研究结果表明:(1)我国大学生人际信任水平在这11年间显著降低, 相比1998年, 2009年时大学生的人际信任水平下降了1.19个标准差; (2)无论男生还是女生, 人际信任水平在11年间均显著下降, 其变化趋势和人际信任水平本身均不存在性别差异; (3)农村生源大学生的人际信任下降趋势呈边缘显著, 而城市生源大学生的人际信任水平没有明显变化, 但人际信任得分本身不存在生源地差异。 相似文献
119.
120.
The purpose of this study was to describe maternal representations of the twin sibling relationship and of the children's differences and similarities. Mothers' mental representations were also analyzed with regard to two aspects of their child-raising attitudes: individualization of childcare routines, and the question of differentiation by “external signs of twinship” (dress, toys, and first names). Data from interviews with 44 mothers of twins conducted 13 months after the birth were analyzed in terms of 8 categories—complicity, rivalry/jealousy, agonistic relations, dominance, imitation, physical appearance, development, and personality. A multiple correspondence analysis of the data pointed out that the first dimension describing the mothers' representations concerns the contrast between the “unalike” representation of dizygotic twins and the “alike” representation of monozygotic twins. The second dimension corresponds to the casual, twinship-minimizing representations generated by the twin condition. Two other dimensions express the issues of aggression and dominance. The relationship between the child-raising behavior of the mothers and their representations of the twin couple turned out to be more complex than expected. The results are discussed in terms of the specificity of the psychological issues facing mothers of twins. Defense mechanisms used by some mothers to cope with the exceptional nature of the twin phenomenon are also suggested. © 1998 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health 相似文献