现代医学异化现象的再讨论——兼论疗治型国家的诞生

现代医学异化现象,首先,要从医学职业化进程中承认异化的客观性和偶然性;其次,要从官僚化和市场化角度,认清知识、技术和消费如何围绕权力形成“疗治型国家”;再次,应从日常生活意识中,反思现代医学异化所造成的非家庭化结果及其表现;最后,我国现代医患关系,既表现出陌生人社会中的“物的关系”,又表现为熟人社会中的“人情关系”,而我国医学异化的本土特征是围绕“人情”形成的医学境遇异化。因此,立足本土情境特征,是重新理解我国医学异化现象特殊性的必由之路,也是“治愈”我国医学异化“阵痛”的“对症”之药。

     

德国医学院医学交流能力培养模式探究

德国政府和高校对医学生医学交流技能的培养非常重视,由德国联邦卫生部医学交流纵向示范课程项目开发的医学交流纵向示范课,为德国各大高校医学院医学交流课程的构建和实施提供上层指导。以德国几所知名高校医学院为例,分别对医学交流课程内容设置、教学方式、师资团队构建、课程测试和评估等方面进行阐述,剖析德国医学交流课程体系特点：基于临床案例的教学素材、主题模块的课程形式、丰富的教学方式、专业的教学团队等,德国医学交流课程标准一致,课程体系完善,为我国医学交流课程完善和改革提供参考。

     

The Association between Home Environment and Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents in Hangzhou City,China

To investigate the influence of the home environment, defined as family socioeconomic status (SES) (parent education level, household income), student resource-mediated SES (access to nutritional resources and cognitively stimulating experiences), reading ability, and difficulty with homework on quality of life in children and adolescents residing in urban and suburban areas in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China. This study included 3200 Grade 3–6 students from 8 elementary schools in Hangzhou City. Assessments included questionnaires that evaluated student quality of life, family SES, resource-mediated SES (dietary behavior and the home literacy environment), reading ability, and difficulty with homework. The effects of the home environment on student quality of life were analyzed by univariate analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and structural equation modeling. Overall, 80.6% of students had a medium or better quality of life. Young age (Grade 3 or 4), female sex, household income of 10000–15000 RMB, high breakfast consumption, daily intake of fruit, a balanced diet, and good reading habits were positively correlated with student quality of life (P?<?0.05), while overuse of electronic devices was negatively correlated with quality of life (P?<?0.05). Dietary behaviors, home literacy environment, and student reading ability and difficulty with homework directly affected quality of life. Family SES indirectly affected student quality of life. Children and adolescents in China should have access to good nutrition and cognitively stimulating experiences to enhance their well-being and provide them with social and academic advantages.

     

荀子、王充等对鬼神迷信的批判

荀子在《解蔽》里,对于鬼神迷信做了生动的分析批判。他说道:夏首的南边有个叫涓蜀梁的人,此人既愚而又事事恐惧。在月光明亮的晚上走路,低头见自己的影子,以为是伏在地上的鬼,仰头见自己的头发,又以为是站着的妖怪。吓得转身就跑, 回到家中,竟然惊吓而死。由此,荀子得出结论说:凡人们认为有鬼,必定是有精神恍惚、心智不清的时候留下的印象。荀子     

For-Me-Ness,For-Us-Ness,and the We-Relationship

Topoi - This article investigates the relationship between for-me-ness and sociality. I start by pointing out some ambiguities in claims pursued by critics that have recently pressed on the...     

参照依赖和损失规避对个体收入分配公平判断的影响

收入分配公平判断是人们对自己收入所得公平与否的主观评价。通过对参照点和收入金额的控制,探讨参照依赖和损失规避对收入分配公平判断的共同影响。结果发现,(1)民众的收入公平判断受参照点的影响,在有参照点的情景下比无参照点情景下更感觉不公平;(2)不同工资水平下,民众的公平判断具有显著差异,而且民众对低于平均工资的“受损”比高于平均工资同等金额的“受益”赋予的公平感的权重更大,即存在得失感受的不对称;(3)不同的工资参照点、多得和少得的分配结果共同影响民众的公平判断,即损失规避在参照依赖对公平判断的影响中起调节作用。     

耐挫心理结构的探索：基于大学生群体的测量

采用质性和量化研究方法,探讨耐挫心理的结构及因素间关系。研究1采用质性研究方法,对23名被试进行深度访谈,结果发现：（1）耐挫心理的结构由坚信、乐观、可控和醒悟构成;（2）坚信、可控和醒悟共同影响乐观。研究2采用量化研究方法,基于研究1的耐挫心理结构编制大学生耐挫心理量表,对大学生进行施测。结果发现：（1）耐挫心理四因素结构有良好的拟合指数;（2）醒悟正向预测坚信,进而正向预测可控,最终正向预测乐观;（3）量表有良好的信度和效度。结果表明,耐挫心理的结构包含坚信、乐观、可控和醒悟四个因素;大学生耐挫心理量表符合心理测量学要求,可作为未来研究的工具。     

Influence of individual differences in working memory on the continued influence effect of misinformation

ABSTRACT

Misinformation often continues to influence people’s cognition even after being retracted (the continued influence effect of misinformation, CIE). The current research aimed to investigate whether the individual differences in the central executive function of WM and updating could influence the CIE of misinformation with varying relevance. The results showed that the individual differences in central executive function could significantly affect the CIE, especially for the high-relevant misinformation. While the individual differences in the updating ability had a weaker impact on the CIE in general and only negatively related to the CIE for the low-relevant misinformation. The study extends the understanding of the relationship between individual differences and the CIE from previous studies, which is in line with the mental-model-updating hypothesis, and offers a preliminary clue for identifying the persons vulnerable to the CIE of misinformation in the real world.