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71.
This article is a response to Coyne, Thompson, Palmer, Kagee, and Maunsell's (2000) article, “Should We Screen for Depression? Caveats and Potential Pitfalls.” We address four points that we view as central to their argument: (1) current screening measures are inadequate; (2) correct identification of depressed patients does not result in improved clinical outcomes; (3) screening is too expensive; and (4) screening may have harmful negative effects. We discuss the following important issues: (1) screening and prevention are still in the research and development phase; (2) the kindling phenomenon is an important reason to screen; (3) there is a need to focus screening and prevention efforts on ethnic minorities; and (4) high depressive symptoms have a substantial public health impact. Finally, we present reasons why screening is advisable, both for prevention and treatment purposes, and provide our recommendations. Our stance is that, in order for screening and prevention to become practical, they need to be implemented in both research and practice contexts. Therefore, we should make screening for major depression a priority. 相似文献
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本工作对两例先天性无痛症患者对于致痛性强刺激的知觉和反应进行了研究(例1女,10岁,例2男,13岁)。对照组为20例正常儿童,性别和年龄均与患儿相匹配。 结果:1),生活中痛:两例患儿均无(包括痛感觉和痛反应)。2)实验性痛:①痛感觉:两例患儿均无;②“痛”反应:例1有“痛”反应(脉搏和呼吸的变化以及行为反应明显,大致与正常儿童相似)。例2无“痛”反应(脉搏和呼吸的变化轻微,无行为反应,与正常儿童不同)。 由结果看来,先天性无痛症患者似乎可分为两种类型:不完全型(如同例1)和完全型(如同例2)。存在有“痛”反应而无痛感觉的无痛症患者。 本工作结果从另一侧面为痛的两成分学说提供了依据。 相似文献
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单一被试实验与元分析技术 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
单一被试实验是特殊儿童心理与教育研究中的一种常用方法,但其外部效度往往受到质疑。运用元分析技术,能对大量单一被试实验研究结果进行定量综述,既可综合评价各研究的总效应,也能探讨、揭示出各类研究特征与相应研究结果的关系,这无疑为单一被试实验信度与效度的检验提供了更多的信息。本文结合国外一个较新的研究实例,对元分析技术的基本原理及分析步骤作简要介绍,并对单一被试实验与元分析技术的结合应用问题提出几点看法与建议。 相似文献
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M E Le Pelley I P L McLaren 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology》2003,56(1):68-79
The Mackintosh (1975) model of associative learning specifies that processing of both the cues presented on a trial and the outcome of that trial will interact to determine the amount of associative change undergone by a given cue. Experiments looking at the distribution of associative change among the elements of a reinforced compound in animal conditioning studies indicate that processing of the outcome of a trial does indeed influence associative change. The work reported here investigates the distribution of associative change among the elements of a reinforced compound in a human causal judgement paradigm, and it indicates that processing of the cues presented on a trial also plays a role in determining associative change (in terms of changes in the associability of cues as a result of experience). Taken in combination, these results provide good support for Mackintosh (1975) and the characterizations of both cue and outcome processing that it offers. 相似文献
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J Rivolier C Bachelard G Cazes R Gaud C Le Scanff E Rosnet M Novikov V Gushin V Efimov K Eskov A Vinokhodova R Hockey J Sauer 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》1998,48(3):201-212
To study the effects of isolation and confinement on small groups during long space flights, it is habitual to use closed hyperbaric ground chambers. For the first time, the European Space Agency made use of a nautral environment taking advantage of an Antarctic winter-over at the French Dumont d'Urville Station. The main objective of that study ("International Antarctic Psychological Programme"), was to compare different Russian tests used for training cosmonauts to a W. European approach validated during previous winter studies and European ground chamber simulations. Russian techniques appeared to be oriented to a narrow range of phenomena and unsuited to discern the adjustment to stress conditions. 相似文献