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981.
The Relationship Between Parental Knowledge and Monitoring and Child and Adolescent Conduct Problems: A 10-Year Update 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Inadequate parental monitoring is widely recognized as a risk factor for the development of child and adolescent conduct problems.
However, previous studies examining parental monitoring have largely measured parental knowledge and not the active methods
used by parents to track the activities and behavior of their children. The seminal work of Stattin and Kerr (Child Dev 71:1072–1085,
2000; Kerr and Stattin in Dev Psychol 36:366–380, 2000) has challenged the field to reinterpret the construct of parental monitoring, focusing on the active components of this
parenting behavior. As a result, this area of research has witnessed a resurgence of activity. The goal of the current paper
is to review the evidence regarding the relationship between parental knowledge and monitoring and child and adolescent conduct
problems that has accumulated during the past decade. Forty-seven studies published between 2000 and 2010 were identified
by searching major databases and bibliographies and were included in this review. This paper will examine the following areas:
(a) “parental monitoring” as “parental knowledge”; (b) parental knowledge as driven by child disclosure; (c) the relationship
between parental knowledge and monitoring and child and adolescent conduct problems; (d) bidirectional associations between
parental knowledge and monitoring and child and adolescent conduct problems; (e) contextual influences on parental knowledge
and monitoring; (f) antecedents of parental knowledge and monitoring; (g) clinical implications of research on parental knowledge
and monitoring; and (h) limitations of existing research and future directions. 相似文献
982.
Karsten Klint Jensen Ellen-Marie Forsberg Christian Gamborg Kate Millar Peter Sandøe 《Science and engineering ethics》2011,17(3):425-445
Several studies have indicated that scientists are likely to have an outlook on both facts and values that are different to
that of lay people in important ways. This is one significant reason it is currently believed that in order for scientists
to exercise a reliable ethical reflection about their research it is necessary for them to engage in dialogue with other stakeholders.
This paper reports on an exercise to encourage a group of scientists to reflect on ethical issues without the presence of
external stakeholders. It reports on the use of a reflection process with scientists working in the area of animal disease
genomics (mainly drawn from the EADGENE EC Network of Excellence). This reflection process was facilitated by using an ethical
engagement framework, a modified version of the Ethical Matrix. As judged by two criteria, a qualitative assessment of the
outcomes and the participants’ own assessment of the process, this independent reflective exercise was deemed to be successful.
The discussions demonstrated a high level of complexity and depth, with participants demonstrating a clear perception of uncertainties
and the context in which their research operates. Reflection on stakeholder views and values appeared to be embedded within
the discussions. The finding from this exercise seems to indicate that even without the involvement of the wider stakeholder
community, valuable reflection and worthwhile discourse can be generated from ethical reflection processes involving only
scienitific project partners. Hence, the previous assumption that direct stakeholder engagement is necessary for ethical reflection
does not appear to hold true in all cases; however, other reasons for involving a broad group of stakeholders relating to
governance and social accountability of science remain. 相似文献
983.
984.
Willingness to date members of other races was examined among 200 men with same-sex dating preference (n = 100) and opposite-sex dating preference (n = 100), and 200 women with same-sex dating preference (n = 100) and opposite-sex dating preference (n = 100) who were randomly selected from an Internet dating web site. Overall, results indicated a greater willingness among gay participants than heterosexual participants to date people of other races. A 2 (Sex) x 2 (Sexual Orientation) analysis of variance showed an interaction, with lesbian women more willing to date other races than gay men, while among heterosexual participants men were more willing than women to date other races. The role of mate selection theory, and the importance of the status afforded various races in U.S. society, were applied to interpret people's willingness to date other races. 相似文献
985.
Lawrence Quill 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2011,30(4):327-341
In 1982, Neil Postman wrote The Disappearance of Childhood. In that work, Postman recounted the invention of childhood in the modern world and its demise at the hands of, among other
things, the electronic media (principally television). In Postman’s view, television had transformed education into ‘edutainment.’
The implications of this loss were devastating. Taking up where Postman left off I wish to reexamine his claim and amend and
update his thesis by suggesting that, after the latest electronic turn, we now live in societies where a meaningful conception
of adulthood is disappearing. It is disappearing, in part, because of an impoverished conception of citizenship. Yet it is additionally
undermined because, claims to the ascendancy of the ‘knowledge worker’ notwithstanding, the fundamental connection between
education and employment is unraveling. In this climate, the purposes of education are constantly queried and scrutinized
as its telos is redefined by criteria external to the practice of education: cost-effectiveness, value-for-money, and so on. I suggest
that only be reclaiming a meaningful conception of adulthood can education be defended and only by so doing can individuals
hope to understand the world around them. 相似文献
986.
987.
Psychometrika - In educational and psychological measurement, researchers and/or practitioners are often interested in examining whether the ability of an examinee is the same over two sets of... 相似文献
988.
Neil J. Santiago Daniel N. Klein Dina Vivian Carina Vocisano Frank Dowling Bruce A. Arnow Rachel Manber John C. Markowitz James P. McCullough Jr. Lawrence P. L. Riso Barbara O. Rothbaum A. John Rush Michael E. Thase Martin B. Keller 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2002,32(4):281-290
We examined the relationship between patient characteristics and the working alliance in a multisite trial for chronic depression. Patients treated with the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP), alone (n = 169) or combined with nefazodone (n = 198), completed the Working Alliance Inventory during the 2nd week of treatment. Within the CBASP alone group, a history of drug abuse/dependence, lower peak social adjustment over the past five years, and lower current social adjustment predicted a significantly poorer alliance. Within the combination group, male gender and a distancing coping style predicted a significantly poorer alliance. Results should be interpreted with caution since they did not replicate across treatment groups, and the number of significant findings were not much greater than chance expectations. 相似文献
989.
990.
Jiang Y Chun MM Marks LE 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2002,28(3):717-730
In visual search, when a subset of distractors is previewed 1 s before the target and the remaining distractors, search speed is independent of the number of previewed items. This is visual marking. What allows old items to be marked? Four experiments show that marking is disrupted if the onset of the new items is accompanied by synchronous changes to the old items, but it is not disrupted by changes restricted to the background or by asynchronous changes to the old items. Further, behaviorally relevant old items can be prioritized over new items. Visual marking is based on temporal asynchrony between new and old items, which allows segregation of these items into 2 temporal groups. Attention is then selectively applied to 1 group. 相似文献