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901.
Frimer JA Walker LJ Dunlop WL Lee BH Riches A 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2011,101(1):149-163
Agency and communion are fundamental human motives, often conceptualized as being in tension. This study examines the notion that moral exemplars overcome this tension and adaptively integrate these 2 motives within their personality. Participants were 25 moral exemplars-recipients of a national award for extraordinary volunteerism-and 25 demographically matched comparison participants. Each participant responded to a life review interview and provided a list of personal strivings, which were coded for themes of agency and communion; interviews were also coded for the relationship between agency and communion. Results consistently indicated that exemplars not only had both more agency and communion than did comparison participants but were also more likely to integrate these themes within their personality. Consistent with our claim that enlightened self-interest is driving this phenomenon, this effect was evident only when agency and communion were conceptualized in terms of promoting interests (of the self and others, respectively) and not in terms of psychological distance (from others) and only when the interaction was observed with a person approach and not with the traditional variable approach. After providing a conceptual replication of these results using different measures elicited in different contexts and relying on different coding procedures, we addressed and dismissed various alternative explanations, including chance co-occurrence and generalized complexity. These results provide the first reliable evidence of the integration of motives of agency and communion in moral personality. 相似文献
902.
Ward LM 《Consciousness and cognition》2011,20(2):464-486
I propose that primary conscious awareness arises from synchronized activity in dendrites of neurons in dorsal thalamic nuclei, mediated particularly by inhibitory interactions with thalamic reticular neurons. In support, I offer four evidential pillars: (1) consciousness is restricted to the results of cortical computations; (2) thalamus is the common locus of action of brain injury in vegetative state and of general anesthetics; (3) the anatomy and physiology of the thalamus imply a central role in consciousness; (4) neural synchronization is a neural correlate of consciousness. 相似文献
903.
Patton SR Dolan LM Smith LB Thomas IH Powers SW 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2011,18(4):345-352
Parents of young children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) maintain full responsibility for their child’s daily diabetes self-care
and thus may be vulnerable to experiencing parenting stress. This study examined several psychological correlates of pediatric
parenting stress in parents of young children with T1DM. Parents of 39 young children with T1DM (ages 2–7 years) completed
measures of pediatric parenting stress, mealtime behavior problems, depressive symptoms, and fear of hypoglycemia. For parents
of young children, higher stress frequency and difficulty were associated with higher parental depressive symptoms and fear.
Regression analyses identified that 58% of the variance in stress frequency was associated with parental depressive symptoms.
For stress difficulty, 68% of the variance was associated with parental depressive symptoms and fear. Pediatric parenting
stress is common in parents of young children with T1DM. Stress and the psychological correlates measured in this study are
amenable to intervention and should be regularly assessed in parents of young children with T1DM. 相似文献
904.
Dasch KB Russell HF Kelly EH Gorzkowski JA Mulcahey MJ Betz RR Vogel LC 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2011,18(4):361-371
This study examined coping among caregivers of youth with spinal cord injuries (SCI). Using a cross-sectional survey study
design, 164 caregivers completed a demographics questionnaire and the Brief COPE. Their children, youth with SCI ages 7–18,
completed the Kidcope. T-tests were conducted to examine differences in caregiver coping by demographic and injury-related
factors. Further, logistic regression models were evaluated to examine predictive relationships between caregiver coping and
youth coping. Several demographic and injury-related factors were related to caregiver coping, including caregiver gender,
race, and education, as well as youth gender, age at injury, and time since injury. In the logistic regressions, two caregiver
coping strategies were related to youth coping: caregiver self-blame coping was related to youth self-criticism, and caregiver
behavioral disengagement coping (giving up attempts to cope) was related to youth blaming others coping. The findings suggest
that caregiver coping may play a role in the coping of their children, and should be considered when addressing coping among
youth with SCI. 相似文献
905.
This study assessed motor limits of regular tapping, timing error detection, and correction in 60 participants aged from 19 to 98 years. Rate limitations on motor production were estimated from the average inter-tap interval when tapping as fast as possible for 30 s. Timing error detection required participants to judge whether a sound sequence presented at a slow, intermediate, or fast speed contained an irregularity because of phase shift. This was performed with or without synchronizing to the sounds. On the basis of the just-detectable positive phase shift (JND), participants synchronized with sequences containing phase shifts that were subliminal, just detectable or supraliminal. On average, JNDs were 9% of the inter-onset interval and by and large were not affected by synchronization tapping. Speed of error correction was estimated from the number of tones to return within 20% of the preshift synchronization error. Consistent with previous findings of motor slowing with aging, the fastest inter-tap interval increased with age. However, there was no age-related decline in JNDs or speed of error correction, both of which reflect predictive abilities for intervals within the motor repertoire of human adults. These results point towards intact timing error processing up to an advanced age. In assessing timing abilities in the brain of older adults, it is important to differentiate between motor slowing and its impact on rhythmic behavior (e.g., walking pace) from anticipatory mechanisms ('what to expect when') and how these are used to adjust the timing of actions ('what to do when'). 相似文献
906.
907.
Lawrence JM Abhari K Prime SL Meek BP Desanghere L Baugh LA Marotta JJ 《Behavior research methods》2011,43(2):399-408
The development of noninvasive neuroimaging techniques, such as fMRI, has rapidly advanced our understanding of the neural
systems underlying the integration of visual and motor information. However, the fMRI experimental design is restricted by
several environmental elements, such as the presence of the magnetic field and the restricted view of the participant, making
it difficult to monitor and measure behaviour. The present article describes a novel, specialized software package developed
in our laboratory called Biometric Integration Recording and Analysis (BIRA). BIRA integrates video with kinematic data derived
from the hand and eye, acquired using MRI-compatible equipment. The present article demonstrates the acquisition and analysis
of eye and hand data using BIRA in a mock (0 Tesla) scanner. A method for collecting and integrating gaze and kinematic data
in fMRI studies on visuomotor behaviour has several advantages: Specifically, it will allow for more sophisticated, behaviourally
driven analyses and eliminate potential confounds of gaze or kinematic data. 相似文献
908.
Dunn BD Galton HC Morgan R Evans D Oliver C Meyer M Cusack R Lawrence AD Dalgleish T 《Psychological science》2010,21(12):1835-1844
Theories proposing that how one thinks and feels is influenced by feedback from the body remain controversial. A central but untested prediction of many of these proposals is that how well individuals can perceive subtle bodily changes (interoception) determines the strength of the relationship between bodily reactions and cognitive-affective processing. In Study 1, we demonstrated that the more accurately participants could track their heartbeat, the stronger the observed link between their heart rate reactions and their subjective arousal (but not valence) ratings of emotional images. In Study 2, we found that increasing interoception ability either helped or hindered adaptive intuitive decision making, depending on whether the anticipatory bodily signals generated favored advantageous or disadvantageous choices. These findings identify both the generation and the perception of bodily responses as pivotal sources of variability in emotion experience and intuition, and offer strong supporting evidence for bodily feedback theories, suggesting that cognitive-affective processing does in significant part relate to "following the heart." 相似文献
909.
Robert J. Schinke Lawrence Enosse Duke Peltier Jack Watson Nancy Lightfoot 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2010,8(4):233-242
Within this submission the authors share their experiences as a blended research team with Aboriginal community and mainstream
academic researchers. The team has collaborated since 2004 on several externally funded research projects. Initially, the
team engaged in research through mainstream methodologies. In the process, the community co-researchers and participants were
silenced through mainstream cultural practices that were unfamiliar and meaningless in Wikwemikong culture. More recently,
the team has employed a community conceived de-colonizing methodology, developed from within Wikwemikong Unceded Indian Reserve.
Within this submission, the authors will highlight their initial cultural missteps, followed by more recently utilized culturally
relevant approaches. It is proposed that what might be ethically sound research with mainstream participants and among mainstream
researchers can silence and subvert practices among those from marginalized groups/cultures. Provisional suggestions are offered
for researchers interested in co-researching in Aboriginal communities. 相似文献
910.
Tanya Vishnevsky Arnie Cann Lawrence G. Calhoun Richard G. Tedeschi George J. Demakis 《Psychology of women quarterly》2010,34(1):110-120
A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the direction and magnitude of gender differences in self-reported posttraumatic growth. Results from 70 studies ( N = 16,076) revealed a small to moderate gender difference ( g = .27, 95% CI = .21 −.32), with women reporting more posttraumatic growth than men. Moderator analyses were then conducted to identify possible sources of these differences. The following moderators were examined: mean age of sample, measure used, nature of the stressful event, language of the measure, and type of sample (i.e., community samples, college students, or mixed). The only significant moderator was age, with women reporting incrementally more posttraumatic growth as the mean age of the sample increased ( B = .004, p < .01, SE = .001, Q = 9.13). To check for publication bias, effect sizes were compared across published and unpublished research. The size of the gender difference was not significantly different between published ( g = .30, 95% CI = .23 − .38) and unpublished ( g = .22, 95% CI = .12 −.31) studies. The present findings indicate that modest, but reliable gender differences exist in posttraumatic growth even when unpublished data are included in the analyses. Possible explanations for these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed. 相似文献