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101.
102.
Isabelle Roskam Elise Brassart Marine Houssa Laurie Loop Bénédicte Mouton Alexandra Volckaert Nathalie Nader-Grosbois Marie-Pascale Noël Marie-Anne Schelstraete 《Journal of child and family studies》2017,26(2):482-496
Research has tried to identify risk factors that increase the likelihood of difficulties with externalizing behavior. The relations between individual or environmental factors and externalizing behavior have been especially documented. Child-oriented and parent-oriented interventions have been designed in order to decrease externalizing behavior in preschoolers. To date, however, research has largely been compartmentalized. It is therefore not known whether child-oriented or parent-oriented intervention is more effective in reducing externalizing behavior. The aim of the current study was to answer this question by comparing two 8-week child with two 8-week parent-oriented group programs sharing a common experimental design. This was done in a pseudo-randomized trial conducted with 73 3–6-year-old children displaying clinically relevant levels of externalizing behavior who were assigned to one of the four interventions and 20 control participants who were allocated to a waiting list. The results indicate that the four programs focusing on a specific target variable, i.e., social cognition, inhibition, parental self-efficacy beliefs, or parental verbal responsiveness, are all effective in reducing externalizing behavior among preschoolers. Their effectiveness was moderated neither by their orientation toward the child or the parent nor by their content, suggesting that several effective solutions exist to improve behavioral adaptation in preschoolers. A second important highlight of this study is that, thanks to comparable effect sizes, brief focused programs appear to be a reasonable alternative to long multimodal programs, and may be more cost-effective for children and their families. 相似文献
103.
The purpose of this study was to separate the effects of gender from those of desired weight loss on body satisfaction and
eating disordered behavior. Therefore, we explored gender differences in a sample (N = 191) of men and women who wanted to lose weight. We expected that controlling for desire to lose weight would minimize
gender differences; this was supported for (a) overall body dissatisfaction, and (b) degree of concern about, effect of, and
importance of weight and appearance. Nevertheless, women reported (a) less satisfaction with several body parts, (b) stronger
relations between body satisfaction and self-esteem, and (c) use of more weight-loss strategies. Exploratory analyses also
were conducted to examine within-group differences among men. Implications are discussed. 相似文献
104.
105.
Velma M. Murry Beth A. Kotchick Scyatta Wallace Bethany Ketchen Kenya Eddings Laurie Heller Ida Collier 《Journal of child and family studies》2004,13(1):81-99
We present an overview of research on African American families and emphasize in this discussion limitations of approaches used in the past to study African American families. We also discuss and identify challenges for designing and implementing community, family-based programs targeting competence-promoting behaviors in African American families. In addition, we attempt to accomplish the following objectives: (1) identify themes in studies of African American families, including bias in prior research; (2) discuss ways in which prior approaches and conceptual models guiding studies of African Americans have created challenges for the development and implementation of community-based intervention and research programs; and (3) present the Parents Matter! Program as an example of a community-based prevention effort that attempted to overcome many of the challenges created by prior research efforts. 相似文献
106.
Sofia Gameiro Mariana Moura-Ramos Maria Cristina Canavarro Teresa Almeida Santos Frank M. Dattilio 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2011,33(2):91-106
In this study we examined the congruence between partners’ perceptions of their marital relationship during the transition
to parenthood and the effect of depression during pregnancy on couples’ congruence during the early postpartum period. Thirty-one
couples who conceived spontaneously, along with thirty-five who conceived through assisted reproductive technologies (ART),
provided data on their marital relationship and depression at their 24th pregnancy week and four months after the partum.
All couples reported a decrease in marital congruence. Couples who conceived through ART reported lower marital congruence.
For these subjects, women’s depression was associated with lower congruence. Interventions that focus on strengthening the
marital relationship across the transition to parenthood should assess and promote couples’ congruence. 相似文献
107.
The capacity to reason about the false beliefs of others is classically considered the benchmark for a fully fledged understanding of the mental lives of others. Although much is known about the developmental origins of our understanding of others' beliefs, we still know much less about the evolutionary origins of this capacity. Here, we examine whether non-human primates - specifically, rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) - share this developmental achievement. We presented macaques with a looking-time measure of false belief understanding, one that had recently been developed for use with 15-month-old human infants. Like human infants, monkeys look longer when a human experimenter fails to search in the correct location when she has accurate knowledge. In contrast to infants, however, monkeys appear to make no prediction about how a human experimenter will act when she has a false belief. Across three studies, macaques' pattern of results is consistent with the view that monkeys can represent the knowledge and ignorance of others, but not their beliefs. The capacity to represent beliefs may therefore be a unique hallmark of human cognition. 相似文献
108.
Two experiments investigated the role that different face regions play in a variety of social judgements that are commonly made from facial appearance (sex, age, distinctiveness, attractiveness, approachability, trustworthiness, and intelligence). These judgements lie along a continuum from those with a clear physical basis and high consequent accuracy (sex, age) to judgements that can achieve a degree of consensus between observers despite having little known validity (intelligence, trustworthiness). Results from Experiment 1 indicated that the face's internal features (eyes, nose, and mouth) provide information that is more useful for social inferences than the external features (hair, face shape, ears, and chin), especially when judging traits such as approachability and trustworthiness. Experiment 2 investigated how judgement agreement was affected when the upper head, eye, nose, or mouth regions were presented in isolation or when these regions were obscured. A different pattern of results emerged for different characteristics, indicating that different types of facial information are used in the various judgements. Moreover, the informativeness of a particular region/feature depends on whether it is presented alone or in the context of the whole face. These findings provide evidence for the importance of holistic processing in making social attributions from facial appearance. 相似文献
109.
Andrea M. Hussong Wenjing Huang Patrick J. Curran Laurie Chassin Robert A. Zucker 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(3):367-380
Although previous studies show that children of alcoholic parents have higher rates of externalizing symptoms compared to
their peers, it remains unclear whether the timing of children’s externalizing symptoms is linked to that of their parent’s
alcohol-related symptoms. Using a multilevel modeling approach, we tested whether children aged 2 through 17 showed elevated
mother-, father- and child-reported externalizing symptoms (a) at the same time that parents showed alcohol-related consequences
(time-varying effects), (b) if parents showed greater alcohol-related consequences during the study period (proximal effects),
and (c) if parents had a lifetime diagnosis of alcoholism that predated the study period (distal effects). We used integrative
data analysis to combine samples from two prospective studies to test these hypotheses. Distal effects of parent alcoholism
on increased child externalizing symptoms were large and consistent. In addition, proximal and time-varying effects of parent
alcohol symptoms were also found. Implications for preventing escalations in externalizing symptoms among this high-risk population
are discussed. 相似文献
110.
Paula I. Santos Eurico Figueiredo Inês Gomes Jorge Sequeiros 《Journal of genetic counseling》2010,19(6):585-592
This study is an investigation of the impact of familial amyloid polyneuropathy type I (FAP I, ATTR V30M) on death anxiety
and symbolic immortality. Templer and Drolet’s scales were administered to 524 individuals: (1) 84 relatives at risk, (2)
92 relatives not at risk for FAP I; and (3) a control group (n = 348) with no known hereditary disease in their families. At-risk relatives had, on average, a higher score for death anxiety
and a lower score for symbolic immortality, than either those not-at-risk or controls. There were no significant differences
in scores on either measure for those not-at-risk versus controls. Being at risk increases death anxiety and threatens the
sense of symbolic immortality and psychosocial wellbeing. This may be true for other serious hereditary disorders as well.
Genetic counsellors should become familiar with these concepts, feel comfortable initiating discussions about death with their
patients, and be able to identify and reinforce their patients’ and family members’ sense of symbolic immortality. 相似文献