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A life span health-behavior model was investigated in this longitudinal study of personality influences on health. Teachers assessed 963 elementary schoolchildren on traits that formed scales assessing the dimensions of the five-factor (Big Five) model of personality. Smoking, alcohol use, body mass index (BMI), and self-rated health were assessed 40 years later in midlife. Childhood personality traits were significantly associated with all 4 outcomes, and the effects were consistently larger for women than men. For men and women, childhood Conscientiousness was associated with less adult smoking and better adult self-rated health and, for women only, with lower adult BMI. Mediation analyses suggested that the effects of Conscientiousness on self-rated health were partially mediated by smoking and BMI. These findings add to the growing evidence that childhood personality traits predict adult health outcomes and are discussed in terms of future testing of the life span health-behavior model. 相似文献
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Robin J. Lewis Valerian J. Derlega Eva G. Clarke Jenny C. Kuang rew M. Jacobs Michelle D. McElligott 《Psychology of women quarterly》2005,29(2):149-157
Over the past two decades, expressive writing interventions have been used successfully to reduce distress and improve well-being for those dealing with traumatic events, stressors, and illnesses. The purpose of this study was to investigate an expressive writing intervention for lesbian-related stressors. As expected, writing about traumatic events related to sexual orientation reduced self-reported confusion and perceived stress over a 2-month period for those lesbians who were less open about their sexual orientation. Interestingly, writing about such traumatic experiences was associated with increases in confusion and perceived stress for those who were more open about their sexual orientation. Applying this paradigm to assist individuals in coping with stressors related to their sexual orientation represents an important addition to the expressive writing literature. Furthermore, it offers a promising, cost-effective method to assist closeted lesbians in coping with stressors related to their sexual orientation. 相似文献
916.
Lewis R. Rambo 《Pastoral Psychology》2010,59(4):433-445
This paper is an invitation to explore ways in which the study of conversion, pastoral counseling, and cultural studies may
be mutually enriching. The author will provide a survey of contemporary conversion studies with the goal of encouraging pastoral
counselors and psychotherapists to include the study of conversion as an integral part of their agenda. It will also suggest
means by which the field of pastoral counseling may be beneficial to conversion scholars during a time when the study of conversion
is not only enjoying a rebirth of interest, but also an astonishing transformation of meanings, methods, and paradigms. Since
conversion studies, once the province of evangelical Christians and rather specialized scholars in the psychology and sociology
of religion, now involve anthropologists, historians, theologians, religious studies researchers, and new approaches to the
phenomenon within psychology and sociology have emerged, this paper will explore some of these developments. It is time for
pastoral theologians and pastoral counselors to re-engage both the phenomenon and study of conversion. It will also argue
for an interdisciplinary approach inclusive of various perspectives, one that focuses on specific domains of research and
theoretical critique and refinement. 相似文献
917.
Laurie L. Charlés 《Journal of Family Therapy》2010,32(1):27-42
This paper will illustrate the utilization of systemic family therapy services inside a hospital in a war-affected region of the Central African Republic. Through an international non-governmental organization (NGO), the author, a family therapist, provided counselling supervision and services to hospital staff and patients in an area of open conflict in the northern region of the country. In circumstances of chronic insecurity fuelled by both government and rebel forces, families displaced in this region are vulnerable to numerous health conditions and social problems. Family therapy techniques and ideas were used to work with individuals, couples and families presenting with health and social problems resulting from HIV-TB, infections, chronic malnutrition, acute poisoning and beliefs about sorcery. Case examples illustrate the systems consultation model used with the mental health team in order to expand and promote the sustainability of patient mental healthcare in this underserved region. 相似文献
918.
Alison R. Lewis Richard E. Zinbarg C. Emily Durbin 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(1):83-91
As observed by Zinbarg and Mineka (American Psychologist 62:259–261, 2007), the study of emotion regulation faces significant challenges that need to be addressed. In reviewing the articles in the
present issue, we comment upon how researchers have attempted, with varying degrees of success, to meet these challenges.
We suggest that the articles in the present volume demonstrate important conceptual and methodological advances in emotion
regulation research, but that the most central problems noted by Zinbarg and Mineka have yet to be fully remedied. In highlighting
both the progress made and problems faced by the field of emotion regulation, we suggest new directions for future research
in this area. 相似文献
919.
Hart SA Petrill SA Willcutt E Thompson LA Schatschneider C Deater-Deckard K Cutting LE 《Psychological science》2010,21(11):1708-1715
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tend to perform more poorly on tests of reading and mathematical performance than their typical peers. Quantitative genetic analyses allow for a better understanding of the etiology of ADHD and reading and mathematics outcomes, by examining their common and unique genetic and environmental influences. Analyses were conducted on a sample 271 pairs of 10-year-old monozygotic and dizygotic twins drawn from the Western Reserve Reading and Mathematics Project. In general, the results suggested that the associations among ADHD symptoms, reading outcomes, and math outcomes were influenced by both general genetic and general shared-environment factors. The analyses also suggested significant independent genetic effects for ADHD symptoms. The results imply that differing etiological factors underlie the relationships among ADHD and reading and mathematics performance. It appears that both genetic and common family or school environments link ADHD with academic performance. 相似文献
920.
Daniel Bruns David A. Fishbain John Mark Disorbio John E. Lewis 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2010,17(2):87-97
Working in a health care setting has been identified as a primary risk factor for violent assault, which is often perpetrated
by patients. Patient dangerousness is a multidimensional phenomenon, which may include violent ideation, homicidal planning,
a history of violent acts, or overt threatening behavior. Although the verbal report of thoughts of killing a doctor is only
one of many risk factors for patient dangerousness, reports of homicidal ideation are widely regarded as being sufficient
to warrant concern, and to indicate a need for further assessment of the patient. In this study, 2264 subjects (1329 healthy
community subjects, 158 non-healthy community subjects, and 777 rehabilitation patients) were asked if they had a desire to
kill a doctor that they had seen. Subjects responding positively to this item were compared to subjects responding negatively
to the item using all available demographic variables and BHI 2 scales using chi-square or t-test. Significant variables (p < .01) were then utilized in a logistic regression to generate a model for this wish. Three variables significantly predicted
this wish: the Doctor Dissatisfaction (p < .001) and Borderline (p < .001) scales of the BHI 2, and injury-related litigation status (p = .002). The presence of one of these variables, especially Doctor Dissatisfaction, should prompt a more thorough assessment
of potential danger to healthcare workers. 相似文献