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261.
This study investigated the relationship between a spatial auditory inspection time task and previous versions of AIT, as well as the relationships of these tasks with visual inspection time (VIT) and general speediness (Gs). A total of 96 university undergraduates (age mean (M) = 20.0 years, standard deviation (SD) = 4.0 years) completed three AIT tasks, VIT, auditory reaction time (ART) and visual reaction time (VRT), and two Gs marker tests. Auditory inspection time‐spatial (AIT‐S) did not relate to VIT, but it did relate to the Gs marker tests. It also loaded moderately on a Gs factor along with VIT. Neither of the alternate AIT tasks showed any consistent relationships to reaction time (RT) or Gs measures. The AIT‐S task did, however, share substantial variance with its predecessors, suggesting that performance on all AIT tasks relies to some extent on similar processes. Further research is required to determine the nature of these processes. 相似文献
262.
Andrea M. Hussong Wenjing Huang Patrick J. Curran Laurie Chassin Robert A. Zucker 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(3):367-380
Although previous studies show that children of alcoholic parents have higher rates of externalizing symptoms compared to
their peers, it remains unclear whether the timing of children’s externalizing symptoms is linked to that of their parent’s
alcohol-related symptoms. Using a multilevel modeling approach, we tested whether children aged 2 through 17 showed elevated
mother-, father- and child-reported externalizing symptoms (a) at the same time that parents showed alcohol-related consequences
(time-varying effects), (b) if parents showed greater alcohol-related consequences during the study period (proximal effects),
and (c) if parents had a lifetime diagnosis of alcoholism that predated the study period (distal effects). We used integrative
data analysis to combine samples from two prospective studies to test these hypotheses. Distal effects of parent alcoholism
on increased child externalizing symptoms were large and consistent. In addition, proximal and time-varying effects of parent
alcohol symptoms were also found. Implications for preventing escalations in externalizing symptoms among this high-risk population
are discussed. 相似文献
263.
264.
Stephanie T. Burns 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2010,88(4):483-490
Chronic pain affects 35% to 57% of the adult population in the United States and results in billions of dollars spent annually in direct health‐care costs and lost productivity. Extensive research confirms the considerable role psychological factors play in the experience and expression of chronic pain. The author discusses implications for counseling adult clients experiencing chronic pain, specifically interventions, interdisciplinary treatment approaches, treatment planning, diversity, and ethical/legal considerations. 相似文献
265.
Francesca Shipp G. Leonard Burns Chris Desmul 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(4):557-564
Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the construct validity of an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-inattention,
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-hyperactivity/impulsivity, oppositional defiant disorder toward adults, academic
and social competence factor model with teacher ratings of Thai adolescents (n = 872) with the Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Inventory. The five-factor model resulted in an adequate fit in
an absolute sense (i.e., CFI = .960; TLI = .985; RMSEA = .065; and WRMR = .883). All the items had significant and substantial
loadings on their respective factors (i.e., > .78) with the five-factors showing discriminant validity. The five-factor model
also resulted in similar results for boys and girls separately as well as younger and older adolescents. The current findings
with the teacher version of the measure in conjunction with earlier research with mothers’ and fathers’ ratings of Brazilian,
Thai, and American children (Burns et al., Psychological Assessment, 20, 121-130, 2008) and Thai adolescents (Burns et al., Psychological Assessment, 21, 635-641, 2009) provide increasing support for the construct validity of Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Inventory within multiple
cultures. Procedures are also outlined to improve the content validity as well as test the construct validity of forthcoming
parent and teacher DSM-V ADHD/ODD rating scales. 相似文献
266.
Dispositional Approach to Customer Satisfaction and Behavior 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between affective dispositions, positive and negative affectivity, and consumer attitudes and behaviors. 相似文献267.
Melina M. Bersamin Beth Bourdeau Deborah A. Fisher Joel W. Grube 《Sexuality & culture》2010,14(2):157-168
The current longitudinal study explores the relationship between adolescent television use at time 1 and sexual experience
and relationship status (i.e., committed/romantic versus casual) 1 year later. The sample (N = 824) comprised youth aged 14–18. Multinomial logistic regressions predicting group membership from television exposure
variables were conducted controlling for socio-demographic characteristics and prior sexual behavior. Results indicate that
sexually inexperienced youth watched more television overall than sexually experienced youth, but less adult, premium and
music television on cable networks. Premium cable exposure predicted group membership among sexually active youth. Youth who
watched more premium cable at time 1 were more likely to be in casual relationship at last intercourse than a committed one.
A more complete understanding of media effects on adolescent sexual relationships can help guide policy development, media
education/literacy efforts, and contribute to the design of interventions to reduce the negative consequences associated with
adolescent sexual behavior. 相似文献
268.
Anthony L. Albiston Ruani N. Fernando Holly R. Yeatman Peta Burns Leelee Ng Dina Daswani Shanti Diwakarla Vi Pham Siew Yeen Chai 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2010,93(1):19-30
The AT4 ligands, angiotensin IV and LVV-hemorphin 7, elicit robust effects on facilitating memory by binding to a specific site in the brain historically termed the angiotensin AT4 receptor. The identification of the AT4 receptor as insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) is controversial, with other proteins speculated to be the target(s) of these peptides. In this study we have utilized IRAP knockout mice to investigate IRAP in the brain. We demonstrate that the high-affinity binding site for angiotensin IV is absent in IRAP knockout mice brain sections in parallel with the loss of IRAP immunostaining, providing irrefutable proof that IRAP is the specific high-affinity binding site for AT4 ligands. However, our characterization of the behavioural phenotype of the IRAP knockout mice revealed a totally unexpected finding. In contrast to the acute effects of IRAP inhibitors in enhancing memory, deletion of the IRAP gene resulted in mice with an accelerated, age-related decline in spatial memory that was only detected in the Y maze paradigm. Moreover, no alterations in behaviour of the IRAP knockout mice were observed that could assist in elucidating the endogenous substrate(s). Our results highlight the importance of analysing the behavioural phenotype of knockout mice across different ages and in distinct memory paradigms. 相似文献
269.
Advances in science are the combined result of the efforts of a great many scientists, and in many cases, their willingness
to share the products of their research. These products include data sets, both small and large, and unique research resources
not commercially available, such as cell lines and software programs. The sharing of these resources enhances both the scope
and the depth of research, while making more efficient use of time and money. However, sharing is not without costs, many
of which are borne by the individual who develops the research resource. Sharing, for example, reduces the uniqueness of the
resources available to a scientist, potentially influencing the originator’s perceived productivity and ultimately his or
her competitiveness for jobs, promotions, and grants. Nevertheless, for most researchers—particularly those using public funds—sharing
is no longer optional but must be considered an obligation to science, the funding agency, and ultimately society at large.
Most funding agencies, journals, and professional societies now require a researcher who has published work involving a unique
resource to make that resource available to other investigators. Changes could be implemented to mitigate some of the costs.
The creator of the resource could explore the possibility of collaborating with those who request it. In addition, institutions
that employ and fund researchers could change their policies and practices to make sharing a more attractive and viable option.
For example, when evaluating an individual’s productivity, institutions could provide credit for the impact a researcher has
had on their field through the provision of their unique resources to other investigators, regardless of whether that impact
is reflected in the researcher’s list of publications. In addition, increased funding for the development and maintenance
of user-friendly public repositories for data and research resources would also help to reduce barriers to sharing by minimizing
the time, effort, and funding needed by individual investigators to comply with requests for their unique resource. Indeed,
sharing is an imperative, but it is also essential to find ways to protect for both the original owner of the resource and
those wishing to share it. 相似文献
270.