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451.
452.
Laurent Ferrier Arnaud Staudt Gilles Reilhac Manuel Jiménez Denis Brouillet 《Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale》2007,61(4):316-321
This study explores the influence of typical size during a categorization task. The specificity of this experimental work is based on the homogeneity of the graphic stimuli size. We have created a typical size standard of our stimuli, that concerns the real size of the objects represented by the drawings of homogeneous sizes. Then, a priming experiment was performed in which the prime and target drawings had two types of relations: a typical size, and a categorial. The participants are na?ve as to the typical size relation between prime and target. The results show a positive priming effect of the typical size but not of the category. The results are discussed in term of theoretical approach developed by Barsalou and his colleagues (1999, 2003). In this theoretical framework, the typical size can be considered as a perceptual knowledge. In that way, we propose that participants could automatically simulate the typical size as soon as they perceived the drawings of objects with homegenous sizes. 相似文献
453.
454.
Jaak Panksepp Thomas Fuchs Victor Abella Garcia Adam Lesiak 《Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM》2007,2(1):32-11
Recent neuroscientific evidence brings into question the conclusion that all aspects of consciousness are gone in patients
who have descended into a persistent vegetative state (PVS). Here we summarize the evidence from human brain imaging as well
as neurological damage in animals and humans suggesting that some form of consciousness can survive brain damage that commonly
causes PVS. We also raise the issue that neuroscientific evidence indicates that raw emotional feelings (primary-process affects)
can exist without any cognitive awareness of those feelings. Likewise, the basic brain mechanisms for thirst and hunger exist
in brain regions typically not damaged by PVS. If affective feelings can exist without cognitive awareness of those feelings,
then it is possible that the instinctual emotional actions and pain "reflexes" often exhibited by PVS patients may indicate
some level of mentality remaining in PVS patients. Indeed, it is possible such raw affective feelings are intensified when
PVS patients are removed from life-supports. They may still experience a variety of primary-process affective states that
could constitute forms of suffering. If so, withdrawal of life-support may violate the principle of nonmaleficence and be
tantamount to inflicting inadvertent "cruel and unusual punishment" on patients whose potential distress, during the process
of dying, needs to be considered in ethical decision-making about how such individuals should be treated, especially when
their lives are ended by termination of life-supports. Medical wisdom may dictate the use of more rapid pharmacological forms
of euthanasia that minimize distress than the de facto euthanasia of life-support termination that may lead to excruciating feelings of pure thirst and other negative affective
feelings in the absence of any reflective awareness. 相似文献
455.
Ernest S. Graham Donald N. Farrer H. Crook Paul V. Garcia 《Behavior research methods》1970,2(6):301-305
A visual acuity testing procedure is described which uses a self-adjustment procedure combined with shock avoidance and punishment. The S adjusts the size of the gap opening in Landolt rings by pressing levers. Correct trials decrease the size of the gap opening and are followed by a tone; incorrect trials increase the size of the gap opening and are followed by shock. The number of correct and incorrect trials needed to change the gap-opening size can be varied. 相似文献
456.
Hill Heather M. Manitzas Guarino Sara Yeater Deirdre White Chris Kolodziej Katie Ali Syed Nafis Shadman Lamia Sanjana Garcia Emily Dear Megan Halter Emma R. Bradley Madison 《Animal cognition》2023,26(2):667-686
Animal Cognition - The investigation of individual responses to unexpected stimuli or outcomes provides insights into basic cognitive processes, such as mental representations, emotional states of... 相似文献
457.
Many studies have documented the links between dimensions of religiousness with mental health (e.g., Hackney and Sanders 2003; Mofidi et al. 2006). However, very little is known about whether these links differ across ethnic groups. This study examined the contribution of dimensions of religiousness to the prediction of mental health in an ethnically diverse sample of 413 college students (167 European Americans, 83 African Americans, 81 Asian Americans, and 82 Latino Americans). Results indicated significant ethnic differences across dimensions of religiousness. African Americans were significantly higher on religious engagement and religious conservatism than the other ethnic groups and significantly lower on religious struggle than European Americans. Moderated multiple regressions revealed that increases in religious struggle was associated with poorer mental health for African Americans and Latino Americans, while increases in religious engagement and ecumenical worldview were associated with better mental health for African Americans. The findings indicate that ethnicity is an important factor to consider when examining the link between religiousness and mental health. 相似文献
458.
Daniel Lalande Robert J. Vallerand Marc‐André K. Lafrenière Jérémie Verner‐Filion François‐Albert Laurent Jacques Forest Yvan Paquet 《Journal of personality》2017,85(2):163-178
The present research investigated the role of two sources of psychological need satisfaction (inside and outside a passionate activity) as determinants of harmonious (HP) and obsessive (OP) passion. Four studies were carried out with different samples of young and middle‐aged adults (e.g., athletes, musicians; total N = 648). Different research designs (cross‐sectional, mixed, longitudinal) were also used. Results showed that only a rigid engagement in a passionate activity (OP) was predicted by low levels of need satisfaction outside the passionate activity (in an important life context or in life in general), whereas both OP and a more favorable and balanced type of passion, HP were positively predicted by need satisfaction inside the passionate activity. Further, OP led to negative outcomes, and HP predicted positive outcomes. These results suggest that OP may represent a form of compensatory striving for psychological need satisfaction. It appears important to consider two distinct sources of need satisfaction, inside and outside the passionate activity, when investigating determinants of optimal and less optimal forms of activity engagement. 相似文献
459.
Nguyen L Borgs L Vandenbosch R Mangin JM Beukelaers P Moonen G Gallo V Malgrange B Belachew S 《Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews》2006,12(2):85-96
In white matter disorders such as leukodystrophies (LD), periventricular leucomalacia (PVL), or multiple sclerosis (MS), the hypomyelination or the remyelination failure by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells involves errors in the sequence of events that normally occur during development when progenitors proliferate, migrate through the white matter, contact the axon, and differentiate into myelin-forming oligodendrocytes. Multiple mechanisms underlie the eventual progressive deterioration that typifies the natural history of developmental demyelination in LD and PVL and of adult-onset demyelination in MS. Over the past few years, pathophysiological studies have mostly focused on seeking abnormalities that impede oligodendroglial maturation at the level of migration, myelination, and survival. In contrast, there has been a strikingly lower interest for early proliferative and differentiation events that are likely to be equally critical for white matter development and myelin repair. This review highlights the Yin and Yang principles of interactions between intrinsic factors that coordinately regulate progenitor cell division and the onset of differentiation, i.e. the initial steps of oligodendrocyte lineage progression that are obviously crucial in health and diseases. 相似文献
460.
Behavioral treatment of children's fears: a review. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1