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821.
Linda A Parker 《Learning and motivation》1982,13(3):281-303
Various behavioral CRs elicited by saccharin solution previously paired with either lithium or amphetamine were measured in a series of four experiments. With one conditioning trial, lithium (Experiment 1), but not amphetamine (Experiment 2), produced nonconsummatory behavioral evidence of conditioning in the form of chin-rub CRs; both drugs, however, produced strong flavor aversions. With 3 conditioning trials, lithium- and amphetamine-paired flavors elicited a pattern of agitated activity, characterized by increased general activity, rearing duration, and body temperature, when the flavor was forcibly presented through an intraoral cannula (Experiment 3). When the flavor was presented in a single-bottle test (Experiment 4), 3 conditioning trials produced a similar pattern of agitated activity characterized by increased general activity, rearing (duration and frequency), stretching (duration and frequency), and limb flicking. Although both drugs supported the pattern of increased agitation-related CRs, only the lithium-paired flavors elicited chin-rub CRs (Experiments 1, 3, and 4). The difference between the drug conditions was not the result of a greater saccharin aversion in the lithium-conditioned group than in the amphetamine-conditioned group (Experiment 4). The results are related to findings that suggest that flavor aversions are mediated by a shift in the hedonic properties of the drug-paired flavors. 相似文献
822.
Laurence Thomas 《Studies in East European Thought》1979,20(1):67-79
Conclusion In this paper, I have assessed Marx's criticism of capitalism, and the practice of divided labor, from the standpoint of two important senses of worth which persons can have, namely self-respect and self-esteem. I have tried to show that in either case, Communism, as Marx envisioned it, is not the superior to capitalism he might have supposed. Along the way, I hope to have also shown the importance of distinguishing between two concepts, namely self-respect and self-esteem.This paper has benefited from the criticisms of several individuals: Elizabeth Rapaport, who commented upon the version which was read at the Western Meetings of the American Philosophical Association in 1977; Allen Buchanan, who sent me a number of comments, as well as a quite helpful paper of his entitled Exploitation, Alienation, and Injustice; and a referee forStudies in Soviet Thought. My concern to meet their criticisms have made this paper immeasurably better. 相似文献
823.
824.
825.
J. B. DerĘgowski D. M. Parker P. Mcgeorge 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》1999,18(1):32-46
The effects of congruent and incongruent labelling on two simple cognitive tasks, sequence learning and place learning, were
investigated. The results of both studies indicate the greater cognitive importance of information derived from the object
compared to information derived from the verbal label. 相似文献
826.
McCullough LB 《Kennedy Institute of Ethics journal》1999,9(1):7-23
At different times during its history medicine has been laid open to accountability for its scientific and moral quality. This phenonmenon of laying medicine open has sometimes resulted in major turning points in the history of medical ethics. In this paper, I examine two examples of when the laying open of medicine has generated such turning points: eighteenth-century British medicine and late twentieth-century American medicine. In the eighteenth century, the Scottish physician-philosopher, John Gregory (1724-1773), concerned with the unscientific, entrepreneurial, self-interested nature of then current medical practice, laid medicine open to accountability using the tools of ethics and philosophy of medicine. In the process, Gregory wrote the first professional ethics of medicine in the English-language literature, based on the physician's fiduciary responsibility to the patient. In the late twentieth century, the managed practice of medicine has laid medicine open to accountability for its scientific quality and economic cost. This current laying open of medicine creates the challenge of developing medical ethics and bioethics for population-based medical science and practice. 相似文献
827.
Gail E. Wright Jerry C. Parker 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》1999,6(2):203-210
The Veterans Health Administration under the direction of Kenneth Kizer, M.D., has faced the challenge of providing high-quality health care while controlling costs. Under Dr. Kizer's direction, VA hospitals are moving toward managed patient centered primary care. Hospital organization, funding, and clinical practices have been changed. Reorganization has meant a variety of possibilities for psychologists employed in the VA system. 相似文献
828.
The effects of congruent and incongruent labelling on two simple cognitive tasks, sequence learning and place learning, were
investigated. The results of both studies indicate the greater cognitive importance of information derived from the object
compared to information derived from the verbal label. 相似文献
829.
Reminiscence as Continuity: Comparison of Young and Older Adults 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rhonda G. Parker 《Journal of Clinical Geropsychology》1999,5(2):147-157
This study empirically investigates key propositions of a continuity theory approach to reminiscence. According to continuity theory, individuals seek familiarity in the face of uncertainty or impending change, which can accompany the aging process. The reminiscence behavior of young (n = 43) and older (n = 47) adults was compared to ascertain whether significant differences would emerge between the two populations concerning how often they reminisce and their use of reminiscence during transitional periods. Also of interest were differences in potential links between the content of reminiscence episodes and postreminiscence affect. Young adults in this sample reminisced significantly more frequently than older adults and were more likely to reminisce during times of change than were older adults. In addition, there was a direct relationship between the content of reminiscence episodes and postreminiscence affect, with older adults reporting greater emotional satisfaction after recalling the past than did younger adults. Findings lend support to continuity theory: Reminiscence occurs throughout the life span and should not be conceptualized as occurring most frequently in old age. 相似文献
830.
Breittmayer JP Bungener M De The H Eschwege E Fougereau M Guedj G Kordon C Philippe O Postel-Vinay MC Schaffar-Esterle L;French National Medical Health Research Institute 《Science and engineering ethics》2000,6(1):41-48
Institutions in France are not yet well prepared to respond to allegations of scientific misconduct. Following a serious allegation
in late 1997. INSERM,* the primary organization for medical and health-related research in France, began to reflect on this
subject, aided by scientists and jurists. The conclusions have resulted in establishing a procedure to be followed in cases
of alleged misconduct, and also in reinforcing the application of good laboratory practices within each laboratory. Guidelines
for authorship practices and scientific assessment must also be considered. Even though each institution must remain responsible
for responding to allegations of scientific misconduct within its doors, INSERM would like to see national, European, and
international co-ordination about the methods of such response.
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (eng. French National Medical Research Institute) is known as INSERM.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at a symposium, Scientific Misconduct: An International Perspective, organised by The Medical University of Warsaw, 16 November, 1998. 相似文献