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901.
Vishton PM Stephens NJ Nelson LA Morra SE Brunick KL Stevens JA 《Psychological science》2007,18(8):713-719
Three experiments assessed the influence of the Ebbinghaus illusion on size judgments that preceded verbal, grasp, or touch responses. Prior studies have found reduced effects of the illusion for the grip-scaling component of grasping, and these findings are commonly interpreted as evidence that different visual systems are employed for perceptual judgment and visually guided action. In the current experiments, the magnitude of the illusion was reduced by comparable amounts for grasping and for judgments that preceded grasping (Experiment 1). A similar effect was obtained prior to reaching to touch the targets (Experiment 2). The effect on verbal responses was apparent even when participants were simply instructed that a target touch task would follow the verbal task. After participants had completed a grasping task, the reduction in the magnitude of the illusion remained for a subsequent verbal-response judgment task (Experiment 3). Overall, the studies demonstrate strong connections between action planning and perception. 相似文献
902.
Nusslock R Abramson LY Harmon-Jones E Alloy LB Hogan ME 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2007,116(1):105-115
On the basis of the behavioral approach system (BAS) dysregulation theory of bipolar disorder, this study examined the relation between occurrence of a BAS activation-relevant life event--goal striving--and onset of hypomanic and depressive episodes and symptoms. In particular, the authors examined the relation between preparing for and completing final exams (a goal-striving event) and onset of bipolar spectrum episodes and symptoms in college students with bipolar II disorder or cyclothymia (i.e., "soft" bipolar spectrum conditions). One hundred fifty-nine individuals with either a bipolar spectrum disorder (n=68) or no major affective psychopathology (controls; n=91) were further classified on the basis of whether they were college students (i.e., completed final exams). Consistent with the BAS dysregulation theory, preparing for and completing final exams was associated with an increase in hypomanic but not depressive episodes and symptoms in individuals with a soft bipolar spectrum diagnosis. Furthermore, self-reported BAS sensitivity moderated the presence of certain hypomanic symptoms during final exams. 相似文献
903.
Two studies examined how destiny beliefs (that potential relationships are or are not "meant to be") interact with state attachment anxiety to predict forgiveness tendencies. In Study 1, participants experienced an experimental manipulation of attachment anxiety (vs. security) before indicating the degree to which they would forgive a series of hypothetical partner offenses. In Study 2, participants reported every 2 weeks for 6 months (14 waves in total) on offenses enacted by their partner and indicated the degree to which they forgave the partner, both concurrently and 2 weeks later. Consistent with predictions, results revealed Destiny Beliefs x State Attachment Anxiety interaction effects: Strong (relative to weak) destiny beliefs predicted reduced forgiveness tendencies for individuals experiencing state attachment anxiety, but such beliefs were not associated with forgiveness for individuals experiencing state attachment security. Results from Study 2 suggest that this interaction effect was significantly mediated through trust in the partner. 相似文献
904.
905.
Scott M. Safford Lauren B. Alloy Antonia Pieracci 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(3):375-384
We compared two common measures of parenting behavior, the Children's Report of Parental Behavior Inventory (CRPBI) and the
Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), evaluating their psychometric properties and predictive ability. One hundred sixty seven
college students completed the CRPBI, PBI, and measures of depression and anxiety with 123 participants returning three to
six months later for follow-up evaluations. The parenting measures were found to have similar psychometric properties and
to be moderately to highly correlated with each other. In addition, both measures were similar in their ability to predict
depression and anxiety symptoms, although neither was significantly predictive of actual diagnoses. Given that the PBI is
a shorter measure and, based on previous studies, appears to be more stable over time than the CRPBI, there is evidence to
suggest that it might be a more useful measure of parenting behavior than the CRPBI. 相似文献
906.
Michael J. Mason Leslie R. Walker Lauren A. Wine Tacia S. Knoper Kenneth P. Tercyak 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(3):227-237
Tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and other forms of substance use among children and adolescents is a significant public health
concern. At present, one high-risk population of great concern is those affected with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD) and those with subthreshold ADHD-like symptoms. The prevalence of tobacco and substance use is considerable within
this population, and ADHD and ADHD-like symptoms often present as comorbid conditions. To further the understanding of this
problem, a review is provided of youth tobacco and substance use and their biobehavioral influences in the context of ADHD.
Using primary care as an example, opportunities for tobacco and substance use prevention and treatment within this high-risk
population are examined. 相似文献
907.
Habituation is a form of non-associative memory that plays an important role in filtering stable or redundant inputs. The present study examines the contribution of habituation and cortical adaptation to odor-background segmentation. Segmentation of target odorants from background odorants is a fundamental computational requirement for the olfactory system. Recent electrophysiological data have shown that odor specific adaptation in piriform cortex neurons, mediated at least partially by synaptic adaptation between the olfactory bulb outputs and piriform cortex pyramidal cells, may provide an ideal mechanism for odor-background segmentation. This rapid synaptic adaptation acts as a filter to enhance cortical responsiveness to changing stimuli, while reducing responsiveness to static, potentially background stimuli. Using previously developed computational models of the olfactory system, we here show how synaptic adaptation at the olfactory bulb input to the piriform cortex, as demonstrated electrophysiologically, creates odor specific adaptation. We show how this known feature of olfactory cortical processing can contribute to adaptation to a background odor and to odor-background segmentation. We then show in a behavioral experiment that the odor-background segmentation is perceptually important and functions at the same time-scale as the synaptic adaptation observed between the olfactory bulb and cortex. 相似文献
908.
What object properties warrant selection by object-based attention? Previous research has suggested that surface uniformity is required for object-based attentional selection (Watson &; Kramer, 1999), yet nonuniform objects are encountered frequently. In the present experiments, we investigated the interplay between surface uniformity and part boundaries and their effect on object-based attention. Specifically, we asked if attention can select nonuniform objects whose surface changes occur at part boundaries. Although uniformly colored objects did exhibit object-based effects, we only observed an object-based effect for multicolored objects when surface changes occurred at part boundaries. These findings suggest that attention can only select nonuniform objects when the surface change occurs at a part boundary. 相似文献
909.
910.