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981.
Peter J. Bieling Laura J. Summerfeldt Anne L. Israeli Martin M. Antony 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2004,26(3):193-201
Understanding comorbidity is an important challenge for psychopathology researchers and diagnostic systems given the repeated finding of very high comorbidity rates among Axis I disorders in psychiatric samples. This paper proposes that perfectionism may be a critical factor for understanding levels of comorbidity, and a conceptual argument for the importance of perfectionism as an explanatory construct for comorbidity is advanced. The link between perfectionism and comorbidity in a large sample of patients (N = 345) who attended an anxiety disorders clinic is examined using a variety of methods. Diagnoses were established using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV), and perfectionism was assessed using both the Hewitt and Flett and Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scales. Overall, scores on both the Hewitt and Flett and Frost perfectionism scales were correlated with the number of diagnoses, and a logistic regression analysis, controlling for current symptoms, showed that maladaptive evaluative concerns perfectionism in particular predicted higher levels of comorbidity. 相似文献
982.
Pasquale Rinaldi Laura Barca Cristina Burani 《Behavior research methods, instruments & computers》2004,36(3):525-530
The CFVlexvar.xls database includes imageability, frequency, and grammatical properties of the first words acquired by Italian children. For each of 519 words that are known by children 18-30 months of age (taken from Caselli & Casadio's, 1995, Italian version of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory), new values of imageability are provided and values for age of acquisition, child written frequency, and adult written and spoken frequency are included. In this article, correlations among the variables are discussed and the words are grouped into grammatical categories. The results show that words acquired early have imageable referents, are frequently used in the texts read and written by elementary school children, and are frequent in adult written and spoken language. Nouns are acquired earlier and are more imageable than both verbs and adjectives. The composition in grammatical categories of the child's first vocabulary reflects the composition of adult vocabulary. The full set of these norms can be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive/. 相似文献
983.
Victoria E. White Kress Brandy L. Kelly Laura J. McCormick 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2004,82(2):185-190
This article examines the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of trichotillomania (the recurrent desire to pull out one's hair). The authors provide a brief review both of proposed etiologies of trichotillomania and of the diagnostic and assessment issues related to this disorder, and they discuss interventions and treatments that have been shown to be most efficacious when working with clients diagnosed with trichotillomania. 相似文献
984.
Using a signal detection paradigm, participants’ sensitivity to emotionally toned stimuli was evaluated in five experiments.
A tachistoscope was used to present stimuli to one hemisphere at a time, too rapidly for conscious identification. Pictures,
words, and faces were pretested for emotional valence and familiarity. Stimulus selection was based on obtaining the largest
possible difference between the positive and negative valence ratings, keeping familiarity equal. Each experiment used a 2×2×2
mixed groups design. The within-subject variables were the hemispheric presentation (right and left) and the emotional tone
of the stimuli (positive and negative). Gender of the participant was the between-subjects variable. The results of these
studies indicate greater sensitivity in the right than in the left hemisphere, and greater sensitivity to positive than to
negative stimuli. Interpretations focus on the automatization of affect and the brain lateralization of emotional processing. 相似文献
985.
The current experiment explored the effect of activating a counterfactual mind‐set on the discussion of unique information and group judgment accuracy. Evidence suggests that a counterfactual mind‐set is characterized by a focused, analytic mental state and, when activated at the group level, improves group judgment accuracy in the murder mystery paradigm (a hidden profile task). We hypothesized that the beneficial effect of the counterfactual mind‐set would only help group problem‐solving tasks if the mind‐set had been activated at the group level, allowing the analytical mind‐set to play out in an atmosphere of synergistic coordination. In contrast, if this highly focused mental state is activated at the individual level, it could impair group judgment quality because inwardly focused analytical individuals may fail to coordinate their behavior with other group members. Consistent with our hypothesis, activating a counterfactual mind‐set at the individual level had a debilitating effect on the group judgment task, whereas activating a counterfactual mind‐set at the group level had a facilitative effect, increasing information sharing, synergistic coordination and judgment accuracy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
986.
The CFVlexvar.xls database includes imageability, frequency, and grammatical properties of the first words acquired by Italian
children. For each of 519 words that are known by children 18–30 months of age (taken from Caselli & Casadio’s, 1995, Italian
version of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory), new values of imageability are provided and values for age
of acquisition, child written frequency, and adult written and spoken frequency are included. In this article, correlations
among the variables are discussed and the words are grouped into grammatical categories. The results show that words acquired
early have imageable referents, are frequently used in the texts read and written by elementary school children, and are frequent
in adult written and spoken language. Nouns are acquired earlier and are more imageable than both verbs and adjectives. The
composition in grammatical categories of the child’s first vocabulary reflects the composition of adult vocabulary. The full
set of these norms can be downloaded fromwww.psychonomic.org/archive/. 相似文献
987.
Resilience in the Face of Catastrophe: Optimism, Personality, and Coping in the Kosovo Crisis 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Laura Riolli Victor Savicki Ariana Cepani 《Journal of applied social psychology》2002,32(8):1604-1627
Optimism, personality, and coping styles may alter the effects of stressful events through appraisal and stress reduction. The 1999 Kosovo crisis offered an opportunity to test this proposition under real-life, traumatic stress conditions. Dispositional optimism, personality, and coping contributions were predicted based on geographical distance and degree of reported stress for 3 groups: Kosovar refugees, Albanian citizens helping the refugees in Albania, and Albanian immigrants living in the United States. Results showed Kosovars significantly higher on all stress measures, and on maladjustment. Reduced optimism and reduced control coping were related to higher levels of maladjustment. Pessimism and escape coping showed no relation to psychological adjustment. Resilience was related to a combination of higher optimism, extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and control coping, paired with lower neuroticism. 相似文献
988.
Evaluation of husbands' and wives' influence in family decision making is heavily reliant on studies conducted in the 1970s and 1980s. Since that time, profound changes have occurred in the American family. These changes may have affected the nature of decision making in the household. To examine the degree to which earlier findings are still generalisable today, hypotheses are developed and tested with a contemporary sample of 458 men and women. Results suggest that there have been significant changes in the roles assumed in the family decision‐making process, with the wife gaining more influence in all decision areas. The results indicate that marketers must re‐examine their marketing strategies for some products and/or services. Possible theoretical explanations are suggested to explain why these changes may have occurred. Copyright © 2002 Henry Stewart Publications. 相似文献
989.
Yael Latzer Zipora Hochdorf Eitan Bachar Laura Canetti 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2002,24(4):581-599
This study sought to examine the extent to which family environment and attachment styles are concurrently related to eating disorders. The Adult Attachment Scale and the Family Environment Scale were administered to 25 anorexic and 33 bulimic female patients at intake in an eating disorder clinic, and 37 age-matched female controls. Eating disorder patients were found to be less secure, more avoidant, and more anxious than controls. The families of eating disorder patients were found to be less cohesive, expressive, and encouraging of personal growth than were controls. Low encouragement of personal growth and uncertain attachment styles may be manifestations of family difficulties in supporting the child during the process of separation individuation, and exploration of the outside world. 相似文献
990.
Laura J. Kray Adam D. Galinsky Leigh Thompson 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2002,87(2):386-409
We examine how gender stereotypes affect performance in mixed-gender negotiations. We extend recent work demonstrating that stereotype activation leads to a male advantage and a complementary female disadvantage at the bargaining table (Kray, Thompson, & Galinsky, 2001). In the present investigation, we regenerate the stereotype of effective negotiators by associating stereotypically feminine skills with negotiation success. In Experiment 1, women performed better in mixed-gender negotiations when stereotypically feminine traits were linked to successful negotiating, but not when gender-neutral traits were linked to negotiation success. Gender differences were mediated by the performance expectations and goals set by negotiators. In Experiment 2, we regenerated the stereotype of effective negotiators by linking stereotypically masculine or feminine traits with negotiation ineffectiveness. Women outperformed men in mixed-gender negotiations when stereotypically masculine traits were linked to poor negotiation performance, but men outperformed women when stereotypically feminine traits were linked to poor negotiation performance. Implications for stereotype threat theory and negotiations are discussed. 相似文献