Therapeutic approaches to inhibited sexual desire in lesbians

Traditional approaches to inhibited sexual hire (ISD)—which may be exclusively heterosexist, erotophobic, sexist, and homophobic—fail to adequately address ISD within the lesbian population, in which incest and substance abuse occur commonly. Successful treatment of ISD among lesbians requires awareness of sexual minority customs, lesbian psychologies, and recovery agendas.     

Gender and individual differences in adult crying

This study reports on gender and individual differences in adult crying. A total of 105 subjects filled out a questionnaire on adult crying (Vingerhoets, 1995) and two personality inventories, the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R) (Costa & McCrae, 1992) and the Five-factor Personality Inventory (FFPI) (Hendriks et al., 1995). The results showed that gender and personality substantially and independently contribute to the variance in weeping frequency. Women cry more often and perceive weeping more as a coping style. Neuroticism proved to be considerably correlated with weeping frequency and weeping as a coping style, even after partialling out the effects of gender and age. Extraversion was correlated with relief and positive feelings after crying. These results are discussed in the context of an ongoing international study on adult crying.     

MMPI characteristics of professional prostitutes: a cross-cultural replication

The personality characteristics of 41 professional prostitutes in Brussels, Belgium, were examined using either a French- or a Flemish-language version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). A comparison group of 96 nonprostitute women was recruited from among employees of an international airline. Age differences within the prostitute group were also examined. In some contrast to prior research findings, the prostitute group was significantly more deviant on several indicators of psychopathology. Also, older prostitutes were more deviant than younger ones. An appreciable number of the women in this profession are in need of psychological treatment.     

Projection of a binary criterion into a model of hierarchical classes

A formal analysis is made of how to project an attribute criterion into the hierarchical classes model for object by attribute data proposed by De Boeck and Rosenberg. The projection is conceptualized as the prediction of the attribute criterion by means of a logical rule defined on the basis of attribute combinations from the model. Eliminative and constructive strategies are proposed to find logical rules with maximal predictive power and minimal formula complexity. Logical analyses of a real data set are reported and compared with a logistic regression to demonstrate the usefulness of the logical strategies, and to show the complementarity of logical and probabilistic approaches.The first suthor is Senior Research Assistant of the National Fund for Scientific Research (Belgium). We would like to thank the Editor, the reviewers, Seymour Rosenberg, and Luc Delbeke for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of this article.     

“Surmising” pauses

In Experiment One, subjects were instructed to surmise the location of pauses in four unpunctuated texts, two written in their native language and two written in a nonnative language. Bilingual subjects with knowledge of both languages served as a control. The mean number of total, correct, and false positive surmises, as well as the mean number of correct sumises within three durational brackets were analyzed between and within subjects. Native and nonnative language proficiency is discussed. In Experiment Two, English-speaking subjects were instructed to surmise pause location within three poems, each of which was written in either the French, English, or German language. Half of these subjects received unpunctuated versions of the poems while the remaining subjects received punctuated versions of the text. The detection of pause location as it relates to the language genre under investigation is explored. The influence of overlearned habits of language use as means to localizing appropriate use of pauses is discussed.     

Guidance and Counseling Services in the Federal Republic of Germany

This article presents an overview of the development, implementation, and struggle to maintain guidance and counseling services at various levels within the Federal Republic of Germany.     

A maximum likelihood method for fitting the wandering vector model

After introducing some extensions of a recently proposed probabilistic vector model for representing paired comparisons choice data, an iterative procedure for obtaining maximum likelihood estimates of the model parameters is developed. The possibility of testing various hypotheses by means of likelihood ratio tests is discussed. Finally, the algorithm is applied to some existing data sets for illustrative purposes.     

The law of effect and avoidance: a quantitative relationship between response rate and shock-frequency reduction

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the quantitative relationship between response rate and reinforcement frequency in single and multiple variable-interval avoidance schedules. Responses cancelled delivery of shocks that were scheduled by variable-interval schedules. When shock-frequency reduction was taken as the measure of reinforcement, the relationship between response rate and reinforcement frequency on single variable-interval avoidance schedules was accurately described by Herrnstein's (1970) equation for responding on single variable-interval schedules of positive reinforcement. On multiple variable-interval avoidance schedules with brief components, asymptotic relative response rate matched relative shock-frequency reduction. The results suggest that many interactions between response rates and shock-frequency reduction in avoidance can be understood within the framework of the generalized matching relation, as applied by Herrnstein (1970) to positive reinforcement.