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141.
Larson LD Schnelle JF Kirchner R Carr AF Domash M Risley TR 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1980,13(4):571-581
Tachograph recorders were installed in 224 vehicles of a metropolitan police department to monitor vehicle operation in an attempt to reduce the rate of accidents. Police sergeants reviewed each tachograph chart and provided feedback to officers regarding their driving performance. Reliability checks and additional feedback procedures were implemented so that upper level supervisors monitored and controlled the performance of field sergeants. The tachograph intervention and components of the feedback system nearly eliminated personal injury accidents and sharply reduced accidents caused by officer negligence. A cost-benefit analysis revealed that the savings in vehicle repair and injury claims outweighed the equipment and operating costs. 相似文献
142.
The ‘watched pot’ phenomenon — the lengthening of duration experience when one is attentively and perhaps impatiently waiting for some event to occur — was studied in three experiments. In them, each observer attended for a duration of 270 sec to a liquid-containing beaker on an electrical burner. Observers who were told that the experiment concerned time perception (prospective paradigm) reproduced the duration as longer than those told that it concerned visual perception (retrospective paradigm). In the prospective paradigm, reproductions were longer if the liquid did not boil than if it did, and an interruption (task-unrelated questioning) shortened reproductions if the liquid did not boil but had no effect if it did. In the retrospective paradigm, if there was boiling or questioning or both, reproductions were longer than if there was neither. Results have implications for hypotheses about duration experience. 相似文献
143.
Adam V. Reed 《Behavior research methods》1980,12(6):607-613
This report compares currently available. Inexpensive (minimum stand-alone disk-based con-figuration under $2,000), mass-produced microcomputers from the viewpoint of their applicability as experiment control, stimulus generation, and data collection devices for the experimental psychology laboratory. 相似文献
144.
Summation of response rates to discriminative stimuli associated with qualitatively different reinforcers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Reed Lawson Peter R. Mattis Joseph J. Pear 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1968,11(5):561-568
In Experiment I, a four-ply multiple schedule was used to study the effects on rate of responding in rats of food, water, and food and/or water reinforcement under different deprivation conditions. Food and water were associated separately with different stimuli, the combination of which was associated with food and water together, or with food or water randomly. Rates in the presence of the combined stimuli were consistently intermediate to the rates generated by the separate stimuli, a result seemingly incompatible with a "summation" hypothesis. Experiment II was a simplified systematic replication of Experiment I, verifying the major findings. 相似文献
145.
146.
Morton P. Friedman Stephen K. Reed Edward C. Carterette 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1971,10(1):47-50
Memory for schematic faces was studied using a recognition memory paradigm. Ss indicated whether two faces, separated by delays of 6, 12, or 18 sec, were the same or different. Theoretical interest centered on the effects of component feature saliency on response bias and detectability. The main results were that there were fewer misses and more false alarms on the more salient features. Analysis showed that the main effect of feature saliency was on response bias, not detectability. 相似文献
147.
The superiority of tensor or outward movements of hand and arm over flexor or inward movements has been described, but no evidence has been found relating to directional preferences in simple perceptual-motor tasks.
One hundred children, aged 9 to 13, 50 being right-handed writers and 50 left-handed writers, were tested on a stroke-making task, using both preferred and non-preferred hands. 75 per cent, of them exhibited a preference for outward movements of both hands, a finding which applied equally to both handedness groups. Thus an explanation based on writing habits is discounted. 相似文献
One hundred children, aged 9 to 13, 50 being right-handed writers and 50 left-handed writers, were tested on a stroke-making task, using both preferred and non-preferred hands. 75 per cent, of them exhibited a preference for outward movements of both hands, a finding which applied equally to both handedness groups. Thus an explanation based on writing habits is discounted. 相似文献
148.
149.
Three experiments investigated how metaphors are represented in memory and the effects on memory of variables known to affect metaphor comprehension. Ten theoretically relevant dimensions were examined. In Experiments 1 and 2, free recall across a variety of orienting tasks was consistently and positively predicted by the rated imageability of metaphoric topics (sentence subjects) and the rated number of interpretations for each metaphor. The number of interpretations effect was reversed in the cued recall task of Experiment 3, as metaphors with fewer interpretations were remembered better. These and other results supported previous suggestions that memory for metaphor involves wholistic representations akin to metaphoric grounds. They also revealed consistent differences in the roles of several variables in comprehension and memory for metaphor. 相似文献
150.
Alan S. DeWolfe Jacquelyn K. Larson Joseph J. Ryan 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1985,7(3):185-189
The diagnostic accuracy of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) computer reports was assessed for the sample of 48 patients reliably identified as having bipolar affective disorder. Only 13 of the 48 reports were accurate in classifying the patients as having bipolar affective disorder, and this was significantly (p < .01) less than 50% of the cases. The diagnostic accuracy clearly left much to be desired. Additional research is needed to assess the validity of MCMI diagnostic suggestions for other patient groups. 相似文献