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61.
The main purpose of this study was to examine whether the use of internal imagery would affect high jumping performance for active high jumping athletes. Over a period of six weeks, a group of active high jumpers were trained with an internal imagery program for a total of 72 minutes. This group was compared to a control group consisting of active high jumpers that only maintained their regular work-outs during the same time period. Four variables were measured; jumping height, number of failed attempts, take-off angle, and bar clearance. There was a significant improvement on bar clearance for the group that trained imagery (p < 0.05) but not for the control group. No other differences were found. The results suggest that internal imagery training may be used to improve a component of a complex motor skill. Possible explanations and future recommendations are discussed. 相似文献
62.
Information about stressful life experiences obtained from patients during diagnostic interviews is an important foundation for clinical decision making. In this study self-reports from 115 committed psychiatric patients of experiences of mechanical restraint were compared with medical records. The sensitivity of patient self-reports was 73% (11/15) and the specificity was 92% (92/100). No clear relationship between psychiatric symptoms and reliability of self-reports was identified. The results highlight the subjective qualities of narratives about past experiences. 相似文献
63.
A sound that is briefly interrupted by a silent gap is perceived as discontinuous. However, when the gap is filled with noise, the sound may be perceived as continuing through the noise. It has been shown that this continuity illusion depends on the masking of the omitted target sound, but the underlying mechanisms have yet to be quantified thoroughly. In this article, we systematically quantify the relation between perceived continuity and the duration, relative power, or notch width of the interrupting broadband noise for interrupted and noninterrupted amplitude-modulated tones at different frequencies. We fitted the psychometric results in order to estimate the range of the noise parameters that induced auditory grouping. To explain our results within a common theoretical framework, we applied a power spectrum model to thedifferent masking resultsand estimated the critical bandwidth of the auditory filter that may be responsible for the continuity illusion. Our results set constraints on the spectral resolution of the mechanisms underlying the continuity illusion and provide a stimulus set that can be readily applied for neurophysiological studies of its neural correlates. 相似文献
64.
Adrian Voßkühler Volkhard Nordmeier Lars Kuchinke Arthur M. Jacobs 《Behavior research methods》2008,40(4):1150-1162
In the present article, a new software is introduced that allows the recording and analyzing of eye- and mouse-tracking data
from slideshow-based experiments in parallel. The Open Gaze and Mouse Analyzer (OGAMA) is written in C#.NET and has been released
as an open-source project. Its main features include slide-show design, the recording of gaze and mouse data, database-driven
preprocessing and filtering of gaze and mouse data, the creation of attention maps, areas-of-interest definition, and replay.
Eyetracking and/or presentation soft- and hardware recordings in ASCII format can be imported. Data output is provided that
can be used directly with different statistical software packages. Because it is open source, one can easily adapt it to suit
one’s needs. 相似文献
65.
Lars Nyberg Lillemor Lundin-Olsson Bj?rn Sondell Anders Backman Kenneth Holmlund Staffan Eriksson Michael Stenvall Erik Rosendahl Marcus Maxhall Gustaf Bucht 《Cyberpsychology & behavior》2006,9(4):388-395
Falls and fall-related injuries are a major problem for elderly persons. Most falls occur during walking and turning, and the risk of falling increases when attention is diverted to something besides walking. It is often difficult to standardize methods for testing balance and fall tendency in a clinically relevant setting. We describe the development of a system using a virtual environment (VE) to assess how attention demanding and unexpected events influence a person's capacity to control balance and movement. The hardware in the system consists of a head-mounted display (HMD), a magnetic tracker system, and two SGI computers. The software consists of the image generation of the VE and the management and visualization of motion tracking data. In a preliminary pilot study eight subjects (age 23-80) participated. Each subject walked on a normal floor and was visually presented a familiar outdoor environment in the HMD. They were exposed to different unexpected events, such as a virtual snowfall and tilting of the VE. Disturbances of balance and walking patterns such as changes in speed, stride length and balance reactions like slipping were observed. Two subjects experienced symptoms of cyber sickness with a SSQ score above 25 points. Walking with sensors only did not affect walking time, but in VE the subjects generally walked more slowly. Virtual tilting of the environment had an impact on balance performance during walking. This effect was not observed while the test subjects were walking in a virtual snowfall. The model needs further development but may hold a potential for clinical use. 相似文献
66.
Strømsvik N Nordin K Berglund G Engebretsen LF Hansson MG Gjengedal E 《Journal of genetic counseling》2007,16(1):105-117
This qualitative study explores how 29 Swedish patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) experience living
with the condition, appraisal of the clinical follow-up program, and surveys their future expectations. The aim of this study
is to build knowledge about this patient group in order to provide optimal care. The participants describe physical, psychological,
and social limitations in their daily activities and how these limitations influence quality of life. Our findings indicate
that a majority of patients have adjusted to their situation, describing themselves as being healthy despite physical symptoms
and treatment. The participants received decent care in the clinical follow-up program, - however, greater effort should be
put into patient information. These patients might benefit from genetic counseling. Health professionals involved should recognize
their potential impact and influence on a patient’s ability to adjust to these circumstances. Antonovsky`s Sense of Coherence
theory is used to discuss these findings. 相似文献
67.
Siglen E Bjorvatn C Engebretsen LF Berglund G Natvig GK 《Journal of genetic counseling》2007,16(5):607-615
This study examines the association between Sense of Coherence and anxiety and depression amongst patients at risk of hereditary
cancer receiving genetic counseling. When writing this article, 144 patients referred for genetic counseling due to a suspicion
of hereditary cancer in the family were recruited for this multicentered longitudinal study on the psychosocial aspects of
genetic counseling in Norway. A total of 96 (66%) patients responded to the follow-up survey distributed 6 months after genetic
counseling. This survey included the Sense of Coherence-29 Scale, Impact of Event Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression
Scale. Multiple regression analyses were applied. Our results show association between cancer-related distress and symptoms
of anxiety and depression. Sense of Coherence is significantly associated with both anxiety and depression. The hypothesis
of Sense of Coherence buffering cancer-related distress and the possible impact of these findings for genetic counseling are
discussed. 相似文献
68.
Nyberg L Dahlin E Stigsdotter Neely A Bäckman L 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2009,50(1):41-46
We examined neural changes related to variations in working memory load by using an n -back task with three levels and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Younger adults were divided into high- and low-performing groups (Young-High; Young-Low) and compared with older adults. Relative to Young-High, capacity-constraints in working memory were apparent between load 1–2 for the elderly and between load 2–3 for Young-Low. Capacity-constraints in neural activity followed this pattern by showing a monotonically increasing response in parietal cortex and thalamus for Young-High, whereas activity leveled off at 1-back for the elderly and at 2-back for Young-Low. The response in dorsal frontal cortex followed a similar pattern with the addition that the magnitude of activation differed within capacity limitations (Old > Young at 1-back; Young-Low > Young-High at 2-back). These findings indicate that an important determinant of WM capacity is the ability to keep the frontal cortex adequately engaged in relation to current task demands. 相似文献
69.
Lars Glasø Morten Birkeland Nielsen Ståle Einarsen 《Journal of applied social psychology》2009,39(6):1316-1333
This representative study among 2,539 Norwegian employees examines interpersonal problems among targets and perpetrators of workplace bullying. Both targets and perpetrators portrayed elevated levels of interpersonal problems. Yet, the results question the role of a general target personality in explaining exposure to workplace bullying. Although interpersonal problems were reported among 50% of the targets, interpersonal problems were also prevalent in a large proportion of the non-exposed employees. Accordingly, level of interpersonal problems does not easily differentiate targets from non-targets and calls for a broader frame of reference in order to understand the bullying process. 相似文献
70.
Torkildsen Jv Friis Hansen H Svangstu JM Smith L Simonsen HG Moen I Lindgren M 《Brain and language》2009,108(2):73-88
The present study investigated the brain mechanisms involved during young children's receptive familiarization with new words, and whether the dynamics of these mechanisms are related to the child's productive vocabulary size. To this end, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) from 20-month-old children in a pseudoword repetition task. Results revealed distinct patterns of repetition effects for children with large and small productive vocabularies. High producers showed evidence of recognizing the novel words already after three presentations, while the low producers needed five presentations to display a recognition effect. The familiarization process was manifested in the modulations of two components, the N200-400 and a later fronto-central component, which appeared to increase in amplitude until a certain level of encoding was reached and then decrease with further repetition. These findings suggest a relation between the onset of the productive vocabulary spurt and the rate of receptive word familiarization. 相似文献