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291.
Nicolai T. Borgen Lars J. Kirkebøen Terje Ogden Oddbjørn Raaum Mari-Anne Sørlie 《International journal of psychology》2020,55(Z1):4-15
Problem behaviour in schools may have detrimental effects both on students' well-being and academic achievement. A large literature has consistently found that school-wide positive behaviour support (SWPBS) successfully addresses social and behavioural problems. In this paper, we used population-wide longitudinal register data for all Norwegian primary schools and a difference-in-difference (DiD) design to evaluate effects of SWPBS on a number of primary and secondary outcomes, including indicators of externalising behaviour, school well-being, pull-out instruction, and academic achievement. Indications of reduced classroom noise were found. No other effects were detected. Analyses revealed important differences in outcomes between the intervention and control schools, independent of the implementation of SWPBS, and that a credible design like DiD is essential to handle such school differences. 相似文献
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Lars Dittrich Jonas Rose Jens-Uwe Frank Buschmann Morgane Bourdonnais Onur Güntürkün 《Animal cognition》2010,13(1):133-143
The pigeon is a standard animal in comparative psychology and is frequently used to investigate visuocognitive functions.
Nonetheless, the strategies that pigeons use to discriminate complex visual stimuli remain a difficult area of study. In search
of a reliable method to identify features that control the discrimination behaviour, pecking location was tracked using touch
screen technology in a people-absent/people-present discrimination task. The correct stimuli contained human figures anywhere
on the picture, but the birds were not required to peck on that part. However, the stimuli were designed in a way that only
the human figures contained distinguishing information. All pigeons focused their pecks on a subarea of the distinctive human
figures, namely the heads. Removal of the heads significantly impaired performance, while removal of other distinctive parts
did not. Thus, peck tracking reveals the location within a complex visual stimulus that controls discrimination behaviour,
and might be a valuable tool to reveal the strategies pigeons apply in visual discrimination tasks. 相似文献
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Thomas Skjothaug Lars Smith Tore Wentzel‐Larsen Vibeke Moe 《Infant mental health journal》2018,39(5):537-551
This study aimed to explore fathers’ mental health and retrospectively reported adverse childhood experiences during pregnancy, as well as various pathways predicting self‐reported stress at 6 months’ postpartum as assessed by the Parenting Stress Index (PSI; R.R. Abidin, 1990 ). A total of 835 fathers contributed data to the study. Data collection comprised five time points during pregnancy and one at 6 months’ postpartum. The main analyses were performed using linear regression and path analyses. First, linear regression analyses showed that paternal anxiety symptoms during pregnancy predicted stress scores in the PSI child domain at 6 months (coefficient = 0.36). Second, path analyses showed that depressive symptoms during pregnancy predicted parenting stress in the child domain, mediated by spousal disharmony at 6 months’ postpartum (coefficient = 0.77). Third, adverse childhood experiences scores predicted parenting stress in the child domain by two different pathways: one mediated by anxiety symptoms in pregnancy (coefficient = 0.29) and the other by depressive symptoms in pregnancy and experienced spousal disharmony at 6 months’ postpartum (coefficient = 0.77). The findings suggest that fathers’ symptoms of anxiety and depression during pregnancy as well as adverse childhood experiences predict paternal stress and a negative perception of their children's behavior at 6 months’ postpartum. 相似文献
299.
Lars de Vroege Iris Koppenol Willem Johan Kop Madelon M.E. Riem Christina Maria van der Feltz-Cornelis 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2021,15(1):69-87
Neurocognitive symptoms are common in individuals with somatic symptom and related disorders (SSRD), but little is known about the specific impairments in neurocognitive domains in patients with conversion disorder (CD)/functional neurological disorder (FND). This study examines neurocognitive functioning in patients with CD/FND compared to patients with other SSRD. The sample consisted of 318 patients. Twenty-nine patients were diagnosed with CD/FND, mean age 42.4, standard deviation (SD) = 13.8 years, 79.3% women, and 289 patients had other SSRD (mean age 42.1, SD = 13.3, 60.2% women). Patients completed a neuropsychological test battery that addressed a broad range of neurocognitive domains, including information processing speed, attention and executive functioning. Patients with CD/FND had clinically significant neurocognitive deficits in all neurocognitive domains based on normative data comparison. Patients with CD/FND also performed significantly worse than patients with other SSRD on information processing speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test (V = .115, p = .035), Stroop Color–Word Test (SCWT) card 1 (V = .190, p = .006), and SCWT card 2 (V = .244, p < .001). No CD/FND vs. other SSRD differences were observed in other neurocognitive domains. These findings indicate the patients with CD/FND perform worse on information processing speed tests compared to patients with other SSRD. 相似文献
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