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211.
The aim of this study is to examine differences in personality between a group of bullied victims and a non-bullied group. The 144 participants, comprising of 72 victims and a matched contrast group of 72 respondents, completed Goldberg's (1999) International Personality Item Pool (IPIP). Significant differences emerged between victims and non-victims on four out of five personality dimensions. Victims tended to be more neurotic and less agreeable, conscientious and extravert than non-victims. However, a cluster analysis revealed that the victim sample can be divided into two personality groups. One cluster, which comprised 64% of the victim sample, do not differ from non-victims as far as personality is concerned. Hence, the results indicate that there is no such thing as a general victim personality profile. However, a small cluster of victims tended to be less extrovert, less agreeable, less conscientious, and less open to experience but more emotional unstable than victims in the major cluster and the control group. Further, both clusters of victims scored higher than non-victims on emotional instability, indicating that personality should not be neglected as being a factor in understanding the bullying phenomenon. 相似文献
212.
工作记忆的保持与操控:腹侧和背侧额叶皮层的特异性功能磁共振成像活动 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了进行大样本的老化与记忆的功能磁共振成像(fMRI)研究, 研究者设计了言语工作记忆的方案, 并且对一组健康青年人进行了施测。字母的呈现方式主要为两种条件: (i) 保持, 要求被试记住呈现的字母并且能够在4秒的间隔后保持; (ii) 操控, 被试需要将呈现的字母按字母表的顺序进行转换, 并且记住新的顺序。不管是用全脑分析, 还是用预先定义的感兴趣区域的分析方法, 对fMRI数据的分析表明本方案诱发了可靠的额叶皮层的激活, 且操控条件则引发了更为广泛的激活。背外侧和腹内侧前额叶的激活也表现出了不同特点, 操控引发了更多的背外侧前额叶激活。一些皮下区域也得到了激活, 特别是以前发现与工作记忆任务相关的一些区域。这说明该工作记忆研究方案适合探索额叶功能的与年龄相关的改变。 相似文献
213.
ABSTRACT— The ability to judge another individual's romantic interest level—both toward oneself and toward others—is an adaptively important skill when choosing a suitable mate to pursue. We tested this ability using videos of individuals on speed dates as stimuli. Male and female observers were equally good at predicting interest levels, but they were more accurate when predicting male interest: Predictions of female interest were just above chance. Observers predicted interest successfully using stimuli as short as 10 s, and they performed best when watching clips of the middle or end of the speed date. There was considerable variability between daters, with some being very easy to read and others apparently masking their true intentions. Variability between observers was also found. The results suggest that the ability to read nonverbal behavior quickly in mate choice is present not only for individuals in the interaction, but also for third-party observers. 相似文献
214.
Melissa L. H. V? Markus Conrad Lars Kuchinke Karolina Urton Markus J. Hofmann Arthur M. Jacobs 《Behavior research methods》2009,41(2):534-538
The study presented here provides researchers with a revised list of affective German words, the Berlin Affective Word List
Reloaded (BAWL-R). This work is an extension of the previously published BAWL (V?, Jacobs, & Conrad, 2006), which has enabled
researchers to investigate affective word processing with highly controlled stimulus material. The lack of arousal ratings,
however, necessitated a revised version of the BAWL. We therefore present the BAWL-R, which is the first list that not only
contains a large set of psycholinguistic indexes known to influence word processing, but also features ratings regarding emotional
arousal, in addition to emotional valence and imageability. The BAWL-R is intended to help researchers create stimulus material
for a wide range of experiments dealing with the affective processing of German verbal material. 相似文献
215.
Stress before retention testing impairs memory, whereas memory performance is enhanced when the learning context is reinstated
at retrieval. In the present study, we examined whether the negative impact of stress before memory retrieval can be attenuated
when memory is tested in the same environmental context as that in which learning took place. Subjects learned a 2-D object
location task in a room scented with vanilla. Twenty-four hours later, they were exposed to stress or a control condition
before memory for the object location task was assessed in a cued-recall test, either in the learning context or in a different
context (unfamiliar room without the odor). Stress impaired memory when assessed in the unfamiliar context, but not when assessed
in the learning context. These results suggest that the detrimental effects of stress on memory retrieval can be abolished
when a distinct learning context is reinstated at test. 相似文献
216.
Aicardi Christine Akintoye Simisola Fothergill B. Tyr Guerrero Manuel Klinker Gudrun Knight William Klüver Lars Morel Yannick Morin Fabrice O. Stahl Bernd Carsten Ulnicane Inga 《Science and engineering ethics》2020,26(5):2533-2546
Science and Engineering Ethics - The interdisciplinary field of neurorobotics looks to neuroscience to overcome the limitations of modern robotics technology, to robotics to advance our... 相似文献
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