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91.
Tana L. Hope Christina Adams Larissa Reynolds Denise Powers Rose Ann Perez Mary Lou Kelley 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1999,21(4):349-363
Assessment of psychopathology in adolescents can be complicated due to uncertainties about who should be considered the primary informant. While a multimethod, multiinformant approach to assessment allows for a thorough assessment, it can also result in contradictory findings. The purpose of this study was to use a sample of 121 adolescents to investigate issues of parent-adolescent agreement on behavior rating scales and a structured diagnostic interview. Additionally, this study evaluated whether adolescent report offers unique information to the assessment beyond the parent's report. The sample included both normal controls and adolescents who met criteria for diagnosis of an Internalizing or Externalizing disorder based on the DSM-IV criteria. Agreement between parents and adolescents on the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents—Revised (DICA-R) was low for ADHD (39.4%) and Externalizing Disorders (41.1%) and moderate for Internalizing Disorders (56.6%). A significant difference was found between the number of ADHD symptoms reported, with parents reporting more symptoms (M = 9.42) than adolescents (M = 8.34). Regression analysis indicated that the adolescent completed Youth Self-report (YSR) contributed unique information beyond the parent completed measures in predicting both the adolescent and the parent interviews for Internalizing Disorders. This finding emphasizes the need to continue to collect self-report information, especially when assessing Internalizing disorders, which inherently contain symptoms indicating high-risk behaviors such as suicide ideation. 相似文献
92.
This article is an effort to refine current understanding of social integration in the context of repatriate migration. The
empirical basis for this analysis is a recent survey in a national sample of post-1990 Russian Jewish immigrants to Israel
that examined the pace and determinants of their integration and acculturation. The proposed analytical framework in based
on the four main indicators of integration among educated first-genaration immigrants: (a) the improving command of the host
language and emerging bilingualism; (b) skilled occupation in the mainstream economy; (c) diversification of immigrants’ informal
networks to include members of the host society; and (d) shifts in the cultural and media consumption from coethnic (i.e.,
Russian-based) to the mainstream (i.e., Hebrew/English-based) products. The study helps to sketch social profiles of the immigrants
prone to social integration versus separatism; it also taps into the issue of cultural contact between the newcomers and non-immigrant
Israelis measured on both sides of theencounter. 相似文献
93.
The three experiments presented in the paper examine visual prior entry (determining which of two stimuli appeared first)
and prior exit (determining which of two stimuli disappeared first) effects with a temporal order judgment (TOJ) task. In
addition to using onset and offset targets, the preceding cues also consisted of either onset or offset stimuli. Typical,
and equivalent, prior entry effects were found when either onset or offset cues preceded the onset targets. Unexpectedly large
prior exit effects where found with the offset targets, with offset cues producing greater capture effects than onset cues.
These findings are consistent with the notion that more attention is allocated to searching the visual field when targets
are more difficult to find. In addition, the results indicate that attentional control settings may be more likely to occur
with more difficult searches. In addition, these findings demonstrate that TOJ tasks provide extremely precise measures of
the allocation of attention and are very sensitive to a range of task manipulations. 相似文献
94.
Larissa G. Duncan J. Douglas Coatsworth Mark T. Greenberg 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2009,12(3):255-270
This paper introduces a model of “mindful parenting” as a framework whereby parents intentionally bring moment-to-moment awareness
to the parent–child relationship. This is done by developing the qualities of listening with full attention when interacting
with their children, cultivating emotional awareness and self-regulation in parenting, and bringing compassion and nonjudgmental
acceptance to their parenting interactions. First, we briefly outline the theoretical and empirical literature on mindfulness
and mindfulness-based interventions. Next, we present an operational definition of mindful parenting as an extension of mindfulness
to the social context of parent–child relationships. We discuss the implications of mindful parenting for the quality of parent–child
relationships, particularly across the transition to adolescence, and we review the literature on the application of mindfulness
in parenting interventions. We close with a synopsis of our own efforts to integrate mindfulness-based intervention techniques
and mindful parenting into a well-established, evidence-based family prevention program and our recommendations for future
research on mindful parenting interventions. 相似文献
95.
Lynn K. Perry Larissa K. Samuelson John P. Spencer 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2009,102(4):445-455
This study investigated how young children’s increasingly flexible use of spatial reference frames enables accurate search for hidden objects by using a task that 3-year-olds have been shown to perform with great accuracy and 2-year-olds have been shown to perform inaccurately. Children watched as an object was rolled down a ramp, behind a panel of doors, and stopped at a barrier visible above the doors. In two experiments, we gave 2- and 2.5-year-olds a strong reference frame by increasing the relative salience and stability of the barrier. In Experiment 1, 2.5-year-olds performed at above-chance levels with the more salient barrier. In Experiment 2, we highlighted the stability of the barrier (or ramp) by maximizing the spatial extent of each reference frame across the first four training trials. Children who were given a stable barrier (and moving ramp) during these initial trials performed at above-chance levels and significantly better than children who were given a stable ramp (and moving barrier). This work highlights that factors central to spatial cognition and motor planning—aligning egocentric and object-centered reference frames—play a role in the ramp task during this transitional phase in development. 相似文献
96.
97.
John Lipinski John P. Spencer Larissa K. Samuelson 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2010,17(4):581-588
This study investigates whether inductive processes influencing spatial memory performance generalize to supervised learning
scenarios with differential feedback. After providing a location memory response in a spatial recall task, participants received
visual feedback showing the target location. In critical blocks, feedback was systematically biased either 4° toward the vertical
axis (toward condition) or 4° farther away from the vertical axis (away condition). Results showed that the weaker teaching signal (i.e., a smaller difference between the remembered location and the feedback location) produced a stronger experience-dependent change over blocks in the away condition than in the toward condition. This violates delta rule learning.
Subsequent simulations of the dynamic field theory of spatial cognition provide a theoretically unified account of these results. 相似文献
98.
Juliana Hotta Ansai Larissa Pires de Andrade Paulo Giusti Rossi Mariana Luciano Almeida Francisco Assis Carvalho Vale José Rubens Rebelatto 《Journal of motor behavior》2018,50(4):409-415
The authors investigated whether impaired gait and dual-task performances are associated with specific cognitive domains among older people with preserved cognition (PC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). The sample comprised 40 older adults with PC, 40 with MCI, and 38 with mild AD. The assessment consisted of gait (measured by 10-m walk test and Timed Up and Go Test [TUGT]), dual task (measured by TUGT associated with a cognitive-motor task of calling a phone number), and cognition (domains of the Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination–Revised and Frontal Assessment Battery [FAB]). For data analysis, the Pearson product-moment correlation and the backward stepwise linear regression were conducted. Language, fluency, and visuospatial domains predicted the 10-m walk test measure specifically in PC, MCI, and AD groups. Only the visuospatial domain was independently associated with the TUGT measure in the MCI and AD groups. FAB score, language domain, and FAB score and fluency domain were the strongest predictors for the isolated cognitive-motor task measure in the PC, MCI, and AD groups, respectively. The visuospatial domain was independently associated with the dual-task test measure in all 3 groups. The study findings demonstrate the influence of specific cognitive domains in daily mobility tasks in people with different cognitive profiles. 相似文献
99.
Lynlee R. Tanner Stapleton Larissa N. Dooley Christine M. Guardino Jan Huynh Cynthia Paek 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2016,29(4):352-366
Background and Objectives: Chronic stress is implicated in many theories as a contributor to a wide range of physical and mental health problems. The current study describes the development of a chronic stress measure that was based on the UCLA Life Stress Interview (LSI) and adapted in collaboration with community partners for use in a large community health study of low-income, ethnically diverse parents of infants in the USA (Community Child Health Network [CCHN]). We describe the instrument, its purpose and adaptations, implementation, and results of a reliability study in a subsample of the larger study cohort. Design and Methods: Interviews with 272 mothers were included in the present study. Chronic stress was assessed using the CCHN LSI, an instrument designed for administration by trained community interviewers to assess four domains of chronic stress, each rated by interviewers. Results: Significant correlations ranging from small to moderate in size between chronic stress scores on this measure, other measures of stress, biomarkers of allostatic load, and mental health provide initial evidence of construct and concurrent validity. Reliability data for interviewer ratings are also provided. Conclusions: This relatively brief interview (15 minutes) is available for use and may be a valuable tool for researchers seeking to measure chronic stress reliably and validly in future studies with time constraints. 相似文献
100.
Rafaella de C. R. Araújo Magdalena Bobowik Roosevelt Vilar James H. Liu Homero Gil de Zuñiga Larissa Kus-Harbord Nadezhda Lebedeva Valdiney V. Gouveia 《European journal of social psychology》2020,50(3):534-546
Immigration is a worldwide subject of interest, and studies about attitudes toward immigrants have been frequent due to immigration crises in different locations across the globe. We aimed at understanding individual-level effects of human values and ideological beliefs (Right-Wing Authoritarianism—RWA, and Social Dominance Orientation—SDO) on attitudes toward immigrants, and whether country-level variables (perception of Islamic fundamentalism as a threat, perception of immigrants as a threat, and international migrant stock) moderate these relations. With representative samples from 20 countries (N = 21,362; the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Oceania), and using Multilevel Bayesian regressions, results showed the negative effect of RWA, SDO, and existence values on attitudes toward immigrants, and the positive effects of suprapersonal and interactive values. Cross-level interactions indicated that the effects of RWA, SDO, and suprapersonal and existence values were intensified in countries with societally high levels of perceiving Islamic fundamentalism as a threat. International migrant stock served as a country-level moderator for the effects of SDO and RWA only. When country-level moderators were included simultaneously, Islamic fundamentalism as a threat was the most consistent moderator. Framing theory is offered as a plausible explanation of these results. 相似文献