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91.
This study employs a secondary analysis of U.S. nationally representative data from the Pew Internet 2008 civic engagement survey (N?=?2251) to examine the degree to which contacting public officials both online and offline is explained by the variables of gender and political connectedness. We find that while women are somewhat less likely to contact public officials through direct means, such as emailing or writing a letter, they are more likely to sign petitions, offline and especially online. Gender gaps in direct forms of contact are smaller in the online context than the offline context. We additionally find that that gender moderates the relationship between political connectedness developed via social networking sites and contacting public officials, such that women gain even further advantage in signing online petitions, but also gain further disadvantage in writing a letter/calling public officials and signing offline petitions. Finally, we find that political connectedness, achieved via social networking sites and offline contexts, is related to contacting public officials through both online and traditional means, suggesting a blurring of offline and online worlds. 相似文献
92.
Windmann S Schneider T Reczio J Grobosch M Voelzke V Blasius V Brämer A Ischebeck W Janikowski G Mandrella W Unger C Wischnjak L 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2006,6(4):270-276
In recognition memory tasks, emotionally negative words are judged more often as "old" relative to emotionally neutral words, suggesting a shift in response bias. We wondered whether this bias shift was due to the flexible regulation of executive control during memory retrieval. To address this question, we investigated individuals with high variability in executive control functions. As expected, we observed that emotional word meaning did indeed have a strong influence on the bias toward responding "old," independent of recognition accuracy and overall response bias. However, these effects were uncorrelated with executive control, as measured by the Trail Making Test, and were fully intact, even in a sample of hospitalized neurological patients with severe executive dysfunctions, some of whom had marked damage in fronto-thalamo-striatal networks. Having concluded that the emotion-induced bias must develop on different grounds, we went on to discuss alternative explanations. 相似文献
93.
Tana L. Hope Christina Adams Larissa Reynolds Denise Powers Rose Ann Perez Mary Lou Kelley 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1999,21(4):349-363
Assessment of psychopathology in adolescents can be complicated due to uncertainties about who should be considered the primary informant. While a multimethod, multiinformant approach to assessment allows for a thorough assessment, it can also result in contradictory findings. The purpose of this study was to use a sample of 121 adolescents to investigate issues of parent-adolescent agreement on behavior rating scales and a structured diagnostic interview. Additionally, this study evaluated whether adolescent report offers unique information to the assessment beyond the parent's report. The sample included both normal controls and adolescents who met criteria for diagnosis of an Internalizing or Externalizing disorder based on the DSM-IV criteria. Agreement between parents and adolescents on the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents—Revised (DICA-R) was low for ADHD (39.4%) and Externalizing Disorders (41.1%) and moderate for Internalizing Disorders (56.6%). A significant difference was found between the number of ADHD symptoms reported, with parents reporting more symptoms (M = 9.42) than adolescents (M = 8.34). Regression analysis indicated that the adolescent completed Youth Self-report (YSR) contributed unique information beyond the parent completed measures in predicting both the adolescent and the parent interviews for Internalizing Disorders. This finding emphasizes the need to continue to collect self-report information, especially when assessing Internalizing disorders, which inherently contain symptoms indicating high-risk behaviors such as suicide ideation. 相似文献
94.
Larissa G. Duncan J. Douglas Coatsworth Mark T. Greenberg 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2009,12(3):255-270
This paper introduces a model of “mindful parenting” as a framework whereby parents intentionally bring moment-to-moment awareness
to the parent–child relationship. This is done by developing the qualities of listening with full attention when interacting
with their children, cultivating emotional awareness and self-regulation in parenting, and bringing compassion and nonjudgmental
acceptance to their parenting interactions. First, we briefly outline the theoretical and empirical literature on mindfulness
and mindfulness-based interventions. Next, we present an operational definition of mindful parenting as an extension of mindfulness
to the social context of parent–child relationships. We discuss the implications of mindful parenting for the quality of parent–child
relationships, particularly across the transition to adolescence, and we review the literature on the application of mindfulness
in parenting interventions. We close with a synopsis of our own efforts to integrate mindfulness-based intervention techniques
and mindful parenting into a well-established, evidence-based family prevention program and our recommendations for future
research on mindful parenting interventions. 相似文献
95.
Lynn K. Perry Larissa K. Samuelson John P. Spencer 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2009,102(4):445-455
This study investigated how young children’s increasingly flexible use of spatial reference frames enables accurate search for hidden objects by using a task that 3-year-olds have been shown to perform with great accuracy and 2-year-olds have been shown to perform inaccurately. Children watched as an object was rolled down a ramp, behind a panel of doors, and stopped at a barrier visible above the doors. In two experiments, we gave 2- and 2.5-year-olds a strong reference frame by increasing the relative salience and stability of the barrier. In Experiment 1, 2.5-year-olds performed at above-chance levels with the more salient barrier. In Experiment 2, we highlighted the stability of the barrier (or ramp) by maximizing the spatial extent of each reference frame across the first four training trials. Children who were given a stable barrier (and moving ramp) during these initial trials performed at above-chance levels and significantly better than children who were given a stable ramp (and moving barrier). This work highlights that factors central to spatial cognition and motor planning—aligning egocentric and object-centered reference frames—play a role in the ramp task during this transitional phase in development. 相似文献
96.
This article is an effort to refine current understanding of social integration in the context of repatriate migration. The
empirical basis for this analysis is a recent survey in a national sample of post-1990 Russian Jewish immigrants to Israel
that examined the pace and determinants of their integration and acculturation. The proposed analytical framework in based
on the four main indicators of integration among educated first-genaration immigrants: (a) the improving command of the host
language and emerging bilingualism; (b) skilled occupation in the mainstream economy; (c) diversification of immigrants’ informal
networks to include members of the host society; and (d) shifts in the cultural and media consumption from coethnic (i.e.,
Russian-based) to the mainstream (i.e., Hebrew/English-based) products. The study helps to sketch social profiles of the immigrants
prone to social integration versus separatism; it also taps into the issue of cultural contact between the newcomers and non-immigrant
Israelis measured on both sides of theencounter. 相似文献
97.
The three experiments presented in the paper examine visual prior entry (determining which of two stimuli appeared first)
and prior exit (determining which of two stimuli disappeared first) effects with a temporal order judgment (TOJ) task. In
addition to using onset and offset targets, the preceding cues also consisted of either onset or offset stimuli. Typical,
and equivalent, prior entry effects were found when either onset or offset cues preceded the onset targets. Unexpectedly large
prior exit effects where found with the offset targets, with offset cues producing greater capture effects than onset cues.
These findings are consistent with the notion that more attention is allocated to searching the visual field when targets
are more difficult to find. In addition, the results indicate that attentional control settings may be more likely to occur
with more difficult searches. In addition, these findings demonstrate that TOJ tasks provide extremely precise measures of
the allocation of attention and are very sensitive to a range of task manipulations. 相似文献
98.
This study evaluated the inclusion of uncoded segments in the Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System, an analogue observation of parent-child interactions. The relationships between warm-up and coded segments were assessed, as well as the segments’ associations with parent ratings of parent and child behaviors. Sixty-nine non-referred parent-child dyads engaged in the observation. Parents completed measures about their parenting and children's behaviors. Significant differences were observed between the first situation's warm-up and coded segments, whereas minimal differences were found for the second situation. Findings suggest that the second warm-up segment may not be necessary for optimal assessment of parent-child interactions. 相似文献
99.
Societal changes involving power reversal may pose challenges to system justification by a subordinate minority group that had previously held a more privileged position. Derived from originally exploratory qualitative investigation, this paper presents an account of endorsement of justifying the status quo versus the voicing relative deprivation in the context of post‐Soviet Estonia. Experiences of alternative societal arrangements in history were actively deployed by (minority ethnic) Estonian Russians to generate temporal comparisons with the past as a cognitive alternative to the present status quo and give voice to experiences of relative deprivation. A struggle for positive social identity was interpreted to motivate Estonian Russians to mobilize the past as a cognitive alternative to delegitimize the status quo. By contrast, Russians were portrayed as invaders, and the Soviet past was represented as unjust by (the majority ethnic) Estonians, whereas the present system was depicted as fair and equitable. Mutually, polemical representations of history and narratives of identity provide the lenses through which the legitimacy of new societal arrangements following the major social change is interpreted. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
100.
The current research explored the effect of anger on hypothesis confirmation—the propensity to seek information that confirms rather than disconfirms one's opinion. We argued that the moving against action tendency associated with anger leads angry individuals to seek out more disconfirming information than sad individuals, attenuating the confirmation bias. We tested this hypothesis in two studies of experimentally primed anger and sadness on the selective exposure to hypothesis confirming and disconfirming information. In Study 1, participants in the angry condition were more likely to choose disconfirming information than those in the sad or neutral condition when given the opportunity to read more about a social debate, and reading the disconfirming information affected their subsequent attitude. Study 2 measured participants' opinions and information selection about the 2008 US Presidential Election and their desire to “move against” a person or object. Participants in the angry condition reported a greater tendency to oppose a person or object, which resulted in the attenuation of the confirmation bias. 相似文献