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81.
82.
Lara Descartes 《Journal of Adult Development》2006,13(3-4):137-147
Qualitative data are used to examine parents’ support to their adult children, and their motivations and feelings about it.
The sample is 40 adult children and parents from four racial/ethnic groups: African-Americans, Asian-Americans, non-Latino
Whites, and Latinos. Ideals of adult independence versus interdependence emerge as determinants of feelings about aiding adult
children. The ambivalence concept provides the means to elucidate the tensions between these ideologies and children’s structurally
shaped circumstances. Parental assistance to adult children was seen as acceptable for education, home ownership, and on behalf
of young children, especially if the child was “working hard.” Parents still provided aid, however, even if these conditions
were not met. In these situations, more intrafamilial tension characterized the aid transfer. 相似文献
83.
Quantity discrimination is adaptive in a variety of ecological contexts and different taxa discriminate stimuli differing
in numerousness, both in the wild and in laboratory settings. Quantity discrimination between object arrays has been suggested
to be more demanding than between food arrays but, to our knowledge, the same paradigm has never been used to directly compare
them. We investigated to what extent capuchin monkeys’ relative numerousness judgments (RNJs) with food and token are alike.
Tokens are inherently non-valuable objects that acquire an associative value upon exchange with the experimenter. Our aims
were (1) to assess capuchins’ RNJs with food (Experiment 1) and with tokens (Experiment 2) by presenting all the possible
pair-wise choices between one to five items, and (2) to evaluate on which of the two proposed non-verbal mechanisms underlying
quantity discrimination (analogue magnitude and object file system) capuchins relied upon. In both conditions capuchins reliably
selected the larger amount of items, although their performance was higher with food than with tokens. The influence of the
ratio between arrays on performance indicates that capuchins relied on the same system for numerical representation, namely
analogue magnitude, regardless of the type of stimuli (food or tokens) and across both the small and large number ranges. 相似文献
84.
Alan J Lambert Alison L Chasteen Lara Shaffer 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2004,40(6):708-722
We propose and test two alternative hypotheses bearing on the dual roles of group variability and typicality when people form impressions of single category members. The latitude of acceptance hypothesis suggests that a wider range of individual group members are likely to be seen as good-fitting members (i.e., typical) if the group is heterogeneous, thereby increasing the extent to which stereotypical attitudes are used as a basis for responding to these persons. In contrast, the typicality-functionality hypothesis suggests that typicality plays different roles depending on group variability. This view suggests that typicality plays the “gatekeeper function” as postulated by Fiske and Neuberg (1990) when the group is homogeneous, but not when it is heterogeneous. Across two studies, stronger support was found for the typicality-functionality hypothesis. Implications for the extant literature on category-based processing are discussed. 相似文献
85.
Lara R. Robinson Amanda Sheffield Morris Sherryl Scott Heller Michael S. Scheeringa Neil W. Boris Anna T. Smyke 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(4):421-434
Young maltreated children, birth to three years, represent the age group with the highest rates of maltreatment in the United
States (ACYF 2007). There are few studies to date that have investigated early childhood maltreatment and its effects on emotion
regulatory processes and psychopathology. In response, the current investigation uses a dyadic assessment procedure to examine
the relationship between parenting, emotion regulation, and symptoms of psychopathology among maltreating and non-maltreating
parent–child interactions. The participants in this study were 123 children (66 maltreated and 57 nonmaltreated) from ages
1–3. Child and parent affect and child effortful control were observed during a parent–child interaction task. Symptoms of
psychopathology were measured using the Child Behavior Checklist. The maltreated children exhibited more anger, more internalizing
symptomatology, and less positive affect compared to non-maltreated children. Among maltreated children, emotion dysregulation
was associated with internalizing symptomatology. Moreover, these data reveal parental positive affect was associated with
lower child internalizing symptomatology and parental anger was associated with higher child internalizing symptomatology
in the entire sample. This investigation offers evidence that emotion dysregulation subsequent to poor dyadic interactions
is associated with early child maltreatment. These data suggest that maltreated children experience difficulties in emotion
regulation which may be related to their higher levels of behavioral symptomatology. 相似文献
86.
87.
Tagliapietra L Fanari R De Candia C Tabossi P 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2009,62(2):392-415
Five word-spotting experiments explored the role of consonantal and vocalic phonotactic cues in the segmentation of spoken Italian. The first set of experiments tested listeners' sensitivity to phonotactic constraints cueing syllable boundaries. Participants were slower in spotting words in nonsense strings when target onsets were misaligned (e.g., lago in ri.blago) than when they were aligned (e.g., lago in rin.lago) with phonotactically determined syllabic boundaries. This effect held also for sequences that occur only word-medially (e.g., /tl/ in ri.tlago), and competition effects could not account for the disadvantage in the misaligned condition. Similarly, target detections were slower when their offsets were misaligned (e.g., cittá in cittáu.ba) than when they were aligned (e.g., cittá in cittá.oba) with a phonotactic syllabic boundary. The second set of experiments tested listeners' sensitivity to phonotactic cues, which specifically signal lexical (and not just syllable) boundaries. Results corroborate the role of syllabic information in speech segmentation and suggest that Italian listeners make little use of additional phonotactic information that specifically cues word boundaries. 相似文献
88.
89.
Cristina Nunes Lara Ayala-Nunes Pedro Pechorro Annette M. La Greca 《International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology》2018,18(3):273-282
Background/Objective: Social anxiety is a common issue arising in adolescence that can cause significant impairment and have detrimental consequences for development in the absence of treatment. In this study we examined the factor structure and the psychometric properties of a 12-item short form of the Portuguese-Language Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A-SF). Method: A community adolescent sample (N = 835) and a young offender sample (N = 244) completed the SAS-A, the Basic Empathy Scale and the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, cross gender and cross sample invariance, convergent and discriminant validity of the SAS-A-SF were analyzed. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the 3-factor second-order model obtained the best fit.The results provided evidence that the SAS-A-SF is a psychometrically sound instrument that shows measurement invariance across genders and across samples, good reliability and positive correlations with empathy. Conclusions: The Portuguese version of SAS-A-SF is a useful, time-efficient tool for both researchers and practitioners who need to assess social anxiety, a relevant construct in adolescent psychopathology. 相似文献
90.
Johann Endres Maike M. Breuer Lara Buch Oriana Handtke 《Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie》2014,8(2):116-127
The BB-JuSt is a newly developed standardized instrument used in juvenile correctional settings to document the results of the inital assessment of treatment and educational needs of young offenders. It is made up of 23 items with 5-point rating scales (with the exception of the item caring for a child) which refer to specific needs and responsivity factors relating to educational attainments and basic reading/writing and mathematic skills, alcohol/drug/gambling problems, criminogenic disposition (e.g., aggressiveness), psychological disorders, lifestyle and social environment (e.g. associates and family). To determine the interrater reliability of this instrument 42 young offenders were classified by professional prison staff as usual, and additionally by 2 external researchers. Whereas excellent agreement between the external researchers was achieved on all items, the comparison between staff and researchers showed only moderate correlations. These results indicate that the BB-JuSt is a reliable instrument that can be used for treatment planning decisions and for research purposes but extensive training is required for users. 相似文献