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871.
872.
Peter H. Glow 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1957,9(4):206-214
There is a wealth of literature available on the psychosis-like effects of very small doses of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) in human subjects. It is reported that the drug produces profound changes in emotional behaviour, feelings of depersonalization, visual and auditory hallucinations, catharsis-like episodes and slight changes in autonomic nervous system activity.
The present experiment investigates the possibility of relating the behavioural disturbances induced by LSD-25 to known physiological data. Variation in the latency and running times of trained albino rats is examined. It is demonstrated that latency scores are directly affected by the cerebral concentration of the drug; and that sensory thresholds appear to be raised. It is further shown that when the level of stimulation is raised the rats appear to behave normally. 相似文献
The present experiment investigates the possibility of relating the behavioural disturbances induced by LSD-25 to known physiological data. Variation in the latency and running times of trained albino rats is examined. It is demonstrated that latency scores are directly affected by the cerebral concentration of the drug; and that sensory thresholds appear to be raised. It is further shown that when the level of stimulation is raised the rats appear to behave normally. 相似文献
873.
Peter B. Warr 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1964,16(3):224-231
An investigation is reported in which the effect of repetition of items on two learning tasks is determined. These tasks are considered to be analogous to the response-learning and associative phases of paired associate learning. The findings tend to support the hypotheses under investigation, that response learning is an all-or-none occurrence and that the associative phase may be explained by the dual factor hypothesis. 相似文献
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875.
Measures of epistemic utility are used by formal epistemologists to make determinations of epistemic betterness among cognitive states. The Brier rule is the most popular choice (by far) among formal epistemologists for such a measure. In this paper, however, we show that the Brier rule is sometimes seriously wrong about whether one cognitive state is epistemically better than another. In particular, there are cases where an agent gets evidence that definitively eliminates a false hypothesis (and the probabilities assigned to the other hypotheses stay in the same ratios), but where the Brier rule says that things have become epistemically worse. Along the way to this ‘elimination experiment’ counter-example to the Brier rule as a measure of epistemic utility, we identify several useful monotonicity principles for epistemic betterness. We also reply to several potential objections to this counter-example. 相似文献
876.
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Visualizing actions from a third‐person perspective: effects on health behavior and the moderating role of behavior difficulty
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![点击此处可从《Journal of applied social psychology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Laura J. Rennie Peter R. Harris Thomas L. Webb 《Journal of applied social psychology》2016,46(12):724-731
Visualizing behavior from a third‐person (vs. first‐person) perspective can produce stronger motivation to enact the behavior. However, the effects of perspective on health behaviors have been mixed. Hypothesizing that the difficulty of the visualized behavior might moderate the effect of perspective, two experiments manipulated the difficulty of the visualized behaviors (fruit/vegetable consumption; exercise) plus perspective and subsequently measured motivation (Experiments 1 and 2) and behavior (Experiment 2). In both experiments, the third‐person perspective produced stronger motivation to perform the easier, but not the more difficult, behavior. This effect extended to behavior in Experiment 2. Under certain conditions, encouraging people to visualize behavior from a third‐person perspective could represent a useful and cost‐effective means of promoting health behavior change. 相似文献
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880.
Toward quantifying the abuse liability of ultraviolet tanning: A behavioral economic approach to tanning addiction
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![点击此处可从《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Derek D. Reed Brent A. Kaplan Amel Becirevic Peter G. Roma Steven R. Hursh 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2016,106(1):93-106
Many adults engage in ultraviolet indoor tanning despite evidence of its association with skin cancer. The constellation of behaviors associated with ultraviolet indoor tanning is analogous to that in other behavioral addictions. Despite a growing literature on ultraviolet indoor tanning as an addiction, there remains no consensus on how to identify ultraviolet indoor tanning addictive tendencies. The purpose of the present study was to translate a behavioral economic task more commonly used in substance abuse to quantify the "abuse liability" of ultraviolet indoor tanning, establish construct validity, and determine convergent validity with the most commonly used diagnostic tools for ultraviolet indoor tanning addiction (i.e., mCAGE and mDSM‐IV‐TR). We conducted a between‐groups study using a novel hypothetical Tanning Purchase Task to quantify intensity and elasticity of ultraviolet indoor tanning demand and permit statistical comparisons with the mCAGE and mDSM‐IV‐TR. Results suggest that behavioral economic demand is related to ultraviolet indoor tanning addiction status and adequately discriminates between potential addicted individuals from nonaddicted individuals. Moreover, we provide evidence that the Tanning Purchase Task renders behavioral economic indicators that are relevant to public health research. The present findings are limited to two ultraviolet indoor tanning addiction tools and a relatively small sample of high‐risk ultraviolet indoor tanning users; however, these pilot data demonstrate the potential for behavioral economic assessment tools as diagnostic and research aids in ultraviolet indoor tanning addiction studies. 相似文献