Out of sorts? Some remedies for theories of object concepts: a reply to Rhemtulla and Xu (2007)

Responds to comments made by Rhemtulla and Xu on the current authors' original paper Concepts of individual objects (e.g., a favorite chair or pet) include knowledge that allows people to identify these objects, sometimes after long stretches of time. In an earlier article, the authors set out experimental findings and mathematical modeling to support the view that judgments of identity depend on people's beliefs about the causal connections that unite an object's earlier and later stages. This article examines M. Rhemtulla and F. Xu's (2007) critique of the causal theory. The authors argue that M. Rhemtulla and F. Xu's alternative sortal proposal is not a necessary part of identity judgments, is internally inconsistent, leads to conflicts with current theories of categories, and encounters problems explaining empirical dissociations. Previous evidence also suggests that causal factors dominate spatio-temporal continuity and perceptual similarity in direct tests. The authors conclude that the causal theory provides the only existing account consistent with current evidence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).     

Health information on the Internet and people living with HIV/AIDS: information evaluation and coping styles.

Individuals who seek information on the Internet to cope with chronic illness may be vulnerable to misinformation and unfounded claims. This study examined the association between health-related coping and the evaluation of health information. Men (n = 347) and women (n = 72) who were living with HIV/AIDS and reported currently using the Internet completed measures assessing their Internet use. Health Web sites downloaded from the Internet were also rated for quality of information. HIV-positive adults commonly used the Internet to find health information (66%) and to learn about clinical trials (25%); they also talked to their physicians about information found online (24%). In a multivariate analysis, assigning higher credibility to unfounded Internet information was predicted by lower incomes, less education, and avoidant coping styles. People who cope by avoiding health information may be vulnerable to misinformation and unfounded claims that are commonly encountered on the Internet.     

Negotiating CACREP Accreditation Practices,Religious Diversity,and Sexual Orientation Diversity: A Rejoinder to Sells and Hagedorn

The authors write a rejoinder to Sells and Hagedorn's ( 2016 ) article, “CACREP Accreditation, Ethics, and the Affirmation of Both Religious and Sexual Identities: A Response to Smith and Okech,” which supports Smith and Okech's ( 2016 ) assertion that a dialogue examining the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs' accreditation practices pertaining to counseling programs in institutions that disaffirm/disallow diverse sexual orientation is germane. The authors articulate the common ground they share with Sells and Hagedorn while also highlighting areas of dissension.     

Teacher Nominations of Preschool Children at Risk for Mental Health Problems: how False Is a False Positive Nomination and What Make Teachers Concerned?

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment - Identification attempts in populations with a low prevalence of problems usually result in a considerable number of false positives. Thus, the...     

Latent Growth Models of Individual Change: The Case of Newcomer Adjustment

One commonality to various theoretical frameworks concerning employee work adjustment is change in employee-organization linkages over time, yet few empirical tests of employee work adjustment theories have adequately operationalized change. We develop and test a model of longitudinal change on one particular form of employee adjustment, employee attachment, operationalized in terms of O'Reilly and Chatman's (1986) triparite structure of commitment, using second-order factor (SOF) latent growth modeling (LGM). Results were generally supportive of the theoretical model and illustrate several advantages to using SOF LGM to measure longitudinal change. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

An Intervention to Help Community-Based Organizations Implement an Evidence-Based HIV Prevention Intervention: The Mpowerment Project Technology Exchange System

Considerable resources have been spent developing and rigorously testing HIV prevention intervention models, but such models do not impact the AIDS pandemic unless they are implemented effectively by community-based organizations (CBOs) and health departments. The Mpowerment Project (MP) is being implemented by CBOs around the US. It is a multilevel, evidence-based HIV prevention program for young gay/bisexual men that targets individual, interpersonal, social, and structural issues by using empowerment and community mobilization methods. This paper discusses the development of an intervention to help CBOs implement the MP called the Mpowerment Project Technology Exchange System (MPTES); CBOs’ uptake, utilization and perceptions of the MPTES components; and issues that arose during technical assistance. The seven-component MPTES was provided to 49 CBOs implementing the MP that were followed longitudinally for up to two years. Except for the widely used program manual, other program materials were used early in implementing the MP and then their use declined. In contrast, once technical assistance was proactively provided, its usage remained constant over time, as did requests for technical assistance. CBOs expressed substantial positive feedback about the MPTES, but felt that it needs more focus on diversity issues, describing real world implementation approaches, and providing guidance on how to adapt the MP to diverse populations.     

Ostracism and prosocial behavior: A social dilemma perspective

Prior research has yielded mixed findings regarding the relation of ostracism to prosocial behavior, with studies indicating ostracism leads people to become less prosocial, more prosocial, or that prosocial behavior is unaffected by workplace ostracism. By conceptualizing prosocial behavior at work as a social dilemma, we hypothesized that whether or not individuals reduce prosocial behaviors following ostracism can be understood by how individuals manage the conflict between the immediate temptation to treat others poorly and the long-term benefits of not giving into such temptations. Across three studies – a scenario (Study 1), experimental (Study 2), and field study on employed adults (Study 3) – we find support for the hypothesis that individuals who are less (versus more) oriented towards future outcomes engage in less prosocial behaviors with others who have ostracized them during prior interactions. We discuss both the practical and theoretical implications of these findings.     

The Power of Persuasion: Lessons in Personal Selling from the White House

Those Presidents who historians agree have been most successful have been able to sell themselves and their programs to many different constituencies. They have recognized that effective leadership requires many of the same skills as effective personal selling. The experiences of those who have worked in the Oval Office underscore some of the simple but often forgotten lessons of personal selling, and this article catalogs some of the most important of these.