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241.
Rory C. O'Connor PhD Susan Rasmussen PhD Keith Hawton DSc 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2009,39(4):364-375
Few studies have investigated the extent to which psychosocial/psychological factors are associated with the prediction of deliberate self‐harm (DSH) among adolescents. In this study, 737 pupils aged 15–16 years completed a lifestyle and coping survey at time one and 500 were followed up six months later. Six point two percent of the respondents (n = 31) reported an act of DSH between Time 1 and Time 2. In multivariate analyses, worries about sexual orientation, history of sexual abuse, family DSH, anxiety, and self‐esteem were associated with repeat DSH during the course of the study, but history of sexual abuse was the only factor predictive of first‐time DSH. The findings suggest that school‐based programs focused on how young people cope with psychosocial stressors may offer promise. 相似文献
242.
Media recommendations on suicide reporting are available in many countries and in different languages. Hong Kong newspapers have been found to be noncompliant with WHO recommendations. A booklet containing WHO media guidelines Preventing Suicide: A Resource for Media Professionals, and an awareness campaign were launched in November 2004 in Hong Kong. Content analysis was then conducted to compare the reporting of suicide news before and after the launch. Results indicate that certain reporting styles were changed in accordance with the recommendations; namely, lessened use of pictorial presentations and headlines mentioning suicides. Most of the changes were attributed to the tabloid‐style newspapers. This study suggests that programs to promote media recommendations tailored for journalists appear to be efficacious in altering their way of reporting. 相似文献
243.
Fundamentals of motivational interviewing: Tips and strategies for addressing common clinical challenges By Julie A. Schumacher & Michael B. Madson New York,NY: Oxford University Press, 2014. $53.00, ISBN 9780199354634
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Michael Sheppard PhD R.Psych 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2016,107(2):393-395
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Svenja Göbbels Prof. Tony Ward PhD Dr. Gwenda M. Willis 《Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie》2013,7(2):122-132
The rehabilitation of offenders in English-speaking countries is primarily guided by a risk management framework (the risk-need-responsivity principles: RNR model), which aims at reducing the possibility of harm to the community rather than improving offenders’ quality of life. In the last decade Tony Ward and his colleagues have developed the good lives model of offender rehabilitation (GLM) as an alternative to the RNR model. The GLM incorporates the RNR principles of risk, need and responsivity into its theoretical structure while aiming to provide a more constructive and comprehensive approach to correctional practice. More specifically, it aims to both reduce risk while enhancing the quality of offenders’ lives. The present article aims at outlining the general, etiological assumptions and practice implications of the GLM. In addition, its strengths and limitations and evidence base are reported. These illustrations highlight the usefulness of the GLM for the treatment of offenders and sex offenders in particular. 相似文献
249.
Consoli L 《Science and engineering ethics》2006,12(3):533-541
The Schön misconduct case has been widely publicized in the media and has sparked intense discussions within and outside the scientific community about general issues of science ethics. This paper analyses the Report of the official Committee charged with the investigation in order to show that what at first seems to be a quite uncontroversial case, turns out to be an accumulation of many interesting and non-trivial questions (of both ethical and philosophical interest). In particular, the paper intends to show that daily scientific practices are structurally permeated by chronic problems; this has serious consequences for how practicing scientists assess their work in general, and scientific misconduct in particular. A philosophical approach is proposed that sees scientific method and scientific ethics as inextricably interwoven. Furthermore, the paper intends to show that the definition of co-authorship that the members of the Committee use, although perhaps clear in theory, proves highly problematic in practice and raises more questions that it answers. A final plea is made for a more self-reflecting attitude of scientists as far as the moral and methodological profile of science is concerned as a key element for improving not only their scientific achievements, but also their assessment of problematic cases. 相似文献
250.
Fostering integrity in research: Definitions, current knowledge, and future directions 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Steneck NH 《Science and engineering ethics》2006,12(1):53-74
Over the last 25 years, a small but growing body of research on research behavior has slowly provided a more complete and critical understanding of research practices, particularly in the biomedical and behavioral sciences. The results of this research suggest that some earlier assumptions about irresponsible conduct are not reliable, leading to the conclusion that there is a need to change the way we think about and regulate research behavior. This paper begins with suggestions for more precise definitions of the terms "responsible conduct of research," "research ethics," and "research integrity." It then summarizes the findings presented in some of the more important studies of research behavior, looking first at levels of occurrence and then impact. Based on this summary, the paper concludes with general observations about priorities and recommendations for steps to improve the effectiveness of efforts to respond to misconduct and foster higher standards for integrity in research. 相似文献