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551.
552.
Microstructural characteristics of an experimental Ni-based superalloy with boron addition subjected to a long-term ageing treatment were systematically investigated by various kinds of transmission electron microscopy technique. Based on detailed electron diffraction analyses, we found that there are many nanosized M5B3 precipitates in our long-term ageing alloys, which keeps a good orientation relationship with the γ/γ′ matrix. Furthermore, the precipitation characteristics of M5B3 phase were clarified. It is found that the M5B3-type boride prefers to precipitate at the γ/γ′ interfaces and low-angle grain boundaries. These interfacial nanosized precipitates can play the role of pinning effect and are expected to be advantageous for postponing the γ′ rafting and low-angle grain boundary migration to some extent at high temperature. 相似文献
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554.
从应激的生化反应谈A型行为与心身疾病的关系 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文从应激的生化机制这一角度出发 ,融合吸收了近期内最具权威性的资料论述了A型行为与心身疾病的关系。认为A型行为者易发生应激 ,应激引起情绪的较大波动 ,强烈的情绪波动激活垂体———肾上腺皮质轴 ,同时交感———肾上腺髓质轴持续兴奋 ,两种作用会在体内引起不适当的激素环境而抑制免疫系统功能 ,降低人体防御效能。神经生理、神经内分泌和免疫三种机能相互联系在行为特点导致心身疾病的过程中起着中介作用 相似文献
555.
Evaluation of suicide-related behaviors and thoughts about suicide with a newly developed self-report instrument is described. The Self-Harm Behavior Questionnaire (SHBQ; Gutierrez, 1998) generates detailed clinical information from an easy to administer and score self-report form. A sample of 342 participants were drawn from university undergraduate students enrolled in various psychology courses. Participants were then divided into a severe suicidal ideation group (n = 20) and a nonsuicidal control group (n = 20) to conduct subgroup and criterion-related validity analyses. Preliminary analyses indicate this new questionnaire is both valid and reliable when used with young adults drawn from a nonclinical population. The questionnaire should be of use to both clinicians and researchers due to the flexibility of the data generated. 相似文献
556.
Examination of 17 suicide notes from youthful Chinese suicides indicated the common appearance of anger, self-criticism, and interpersonal friction as precipitant. 相似文献
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558.
Hart Blanton Regina J. J. M. VandenEijnden Bram P. Buunk Frederick X. Gibbons Meg Gerrard Arnold Bakker 《Journal of applied social psychology》2001,31(2):274-295
Based on the negativity bias in person perception, we argue that behavioral decisions related to condom use are influenced by the social images that an individual has of people who do not use condoms, but that they are not influenced by the social images that an individual has of people who do use condoms. Three studies with college student samples indicated that the negative evaluations of people who do not use condoms predicts willingness to have sex without condoms. In contrast, positive evaluations of people who do use condoms showed no unique predictions. A fourth study demonstrated that a health message emphasizing the negative social consequences of having sex without condoms decreased willingness to have unsafe sex in comparison to a control, whereas a message that emphasized the positive social consequences of using condoms had no such effects on willingness. 相似文献
559.
Busemeyer JR Weg E Barkan R Li X Ma Z 《Journal of experimental psychology. General》2000,129(4):530-545
The generally prescribed procedure for choosing a decision strategy from a decision tree employs a backward induction analysis that entails 3 fundamental consistency principles: dynamic, consequential, and strategic. The first requires the decision maker to follow through on plans to the end, the second requires the decision maker to focus solely on future events and final consequences given the current state of events, and the third is the conjunction of the first 2. Five experiments were reported to test these principles using different subject populations, different procedures for estimating consistency, and different factors for manipulating the attractiveness of the gamble at the final stage of the tree. The main findings were that strategic and dynamic consistency principles were violated at rates that exceeded choice inconsistency. 相似文献
560.
Social comparison and depression: company's effect on misery 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
F X Gibbons 《Journal of personality and social psychology》1986,51(1):140-148
In this article, two studies examine the social comparison processes of depressed and nondepressed college students. In the first study, subjects' preferences for information from others were assessed after they had received a manipulation intended to improve or worsen their mood states. The responses of the depressed subjects provided evidence of downward comparison, as they indicated a preference for information from people who were experiencing negative affect--but only when they themselves were also experiencing relatively negative affect, and not when their moods had been temporarily improved. In the second study, subjects' moods were assessed before and after they had received information indicating another person was currently experiencing very negative affect. This information had little effect on the nondepressed subjects, however, the mood states of the depressed persons improved after they read the information. In general, the results indicate that realizing that others are doing worse may help depressed persons to feel somewhat better. 相似文献