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排序方式: 共有678条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
481.
Heike I M Mahler James A Kulik Meg Gerrard Frederick X Gibbons 《Health psychology》2007,26(3):350-360
OBJECTIVES: To examine the longer term efficacies of exposure to UV photographs and photoaging information (e.g., wrinkles and age spots) for increasing sun protection intentions and behaviors of young adults. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial with 4- to 5-month and 12-month follow-ups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants' self-reported sun protection intentions assessed immediately after the interventions, and both self-reported sun protection behaviors and an objective assessment (via spectrophotometry) of skin color change measured at the end of summer (4-5 months following interventions) and 1 year following interventions. RESULTS: Both interventions resulted in immediate positive effects on future sun protection intentions. Both interventions showed objective evidence of less skin darkening at the postsummer follow-up, with those in the photoaging information condition also reporting more sun protective behavior and continuing to show less skin darkening 1 year after intervention. There was also evidence that effects of photoaging information on subsequent skin color change were mediated by the earlier positive effect photoaging information had on participants' intentions to sun protect and their subsequent sun protection behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: UV photo and photoaging-information interventions each show promise as a brief and relatively inexpensive approach for motivating sun protection practices that may reduce skin cancer risk. 相似文献
482.
Meta-analysis of the relationship between risk perception and health behavior: the example of vaccination. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Noel T Brewer Gretchen B Chapman Frederick X Gibbons Meg Gerrard Kevin D McCaul Neil D Weinstein 《Health psychology》2007,26(2):136-145
BACKGROUND: Risk perceptions are central to many health behavior theories. However, the relationship between risk perceptions and behavior, muddied by instances of inappropriate assessment and analysis, often looks weak. METHOD: A meta-analysis of eligible studies assessing the bivariate association between adult vaccination and perceived likelihood, susceptibility, or severity was conducted. RESULTS: Thirty-four studies met inclusion criteria (N = 15,988). Risk likelihood (pooled r = .26), susceptibility (pooled r = .24), and severity (pooled r = .16) significantly predicted vaccination behavior. The risk perception-behavior relationship was larger for studies that were prospective, had higher quality risk measures, or had unskewed risk or behavior measures. CONCLUSIONS: The consistent relationships between risk perceptions and behavior, larger than suggested by prior meta-analyses, suggest that risk perceptions are rightly placed as core concepts in theories of health behavior. 相似文献
483.
Natsuaki MN Ge X Brody GH Simons RL Gibbons FX Cutrona CE 《American journal of community psychology》2007,39(1-2):163-176
The prospective effects of observed neighborhood disorder, stressful life events, and parents’ engagement in inductive reasoning
on adolescents’ depressive symptoms were examined using data collected from 777 African American families. Multilevel analyses
revealed that stressful life events experienced at age 11 predicted depressive symptoms at age 13. Furthermore, a significant
interaction between neighborhood disorder and parents’ engagement in inductive reasoning was found, indicating that parental
use of inductive reasoning was a protective factor for depressive symptoms particularly for youths living in highly disordered
neighborhoods. The importance of examining correlates of depressive symptoms from a contextual framework, focusing on individuals,
families, and neighborhood contexts, is emphasized. 相似文献
484.
Various researchers have suggested that certain anthropometric ratios can be used to measure female body attractiveness, including the waist to hip ratio, Body Mass Index (BMI), and the body volume divided by the square of the height (Volume-Height Index). Based on a wide range of female subjects and virtual images of bodies with different ratios, Volume-Height Index was found to provide the best fit with female body attractiveness, and the effect of Volume-Height Index can be fitted with two half bell-shaped exponential curves with an optimal Volume-Height Index at 14.2 liter/m2. It is suggested that the general trend of the effect of Volume-Height Index may be culturally invariant, but the optimal value of Volume-Height Index may vary from culture to culture. In addition to Volume-Height Index, other body parameters or ratios which reflect body proportions and the traits of feminine characteristics had smaller but significant effects on female body attractiveness, and such effects were stronger at optimum Volume-Height Index. 相似文献
485.
Josephine E. Olson Irene H. Frieze Sally Wall Bozena Zdaniuk Anuška Ferligoj Tina Kogovšek Jasna Horvat Nataša Šarlija Eva Jarošová Daniela Pauknerová Lan Anh Nguyen Luu Mònika Kovacs Jolanta Miluska Aida Orgocka Ludmila Erokhina Olga V. Mitina Ludmila V. Popova Nijolė Petkevičiūtė Mirjana Pejic-Bach Slavka Kubušová Maja Rus Makovec 《Sex roles》2007,56(5-6):297-308
Do economic indicators predict the general level of support for gender equality? This question was investigated in a sample of countries in Central and Eastern Europe, a region that has been undergoing rapid economic changes since the early 1990s. In this overall sample of male and female college students from ten countries, including the United States as a comparison, the predicted association between stronger beliefs in gender role egalitarianism and positive economic factors was generally supported. Also, consistent with other research, women were more in support of gender equality than men were. There was no support for a predicted trend in less support for gender equality over the time period of the present study. 相似文献
486.
半个多世纪的社会主义改造和建设,特别是有中国特色社会主义建设对藏区的社会基础和知识结构产生了重大影响,安多高僧的权威性逐渐式微,藏区国家权威不断强化,各种地方权威此消彼长。在国家宗教政策引导下,爱国爱教的高僧们不断进行自身调整,主动在政治、经济、文化、教育、民事裁决等方面与社会主义社会相适应,成为藏区社会主义建设的积极力量,为构建和谐藏区做出了贡献。 相似文献
487.
488.
Timo Stein Jan Zwickel Johanna Ritter Maria Kitzmantel Werner X. Schneider 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2009,16(1):104-109
In a set of three rapid serial visual presentation experiments, we investigated the effect of fearful and neutral face stimuli
on the report of trailing scene targets. When the emotional expression of the face stimuli had to be indicated, fearful faces
induced a stronger attentional blink (AB) than did neutral faces. However, with identical physical stimulation, the enhancement
of the AB by fearful faces disappeared when participants had to judge the faces’ gender. If faces did not have to be reported,
no AB was observed. Thus, fearful faces exhibited an effect on the AB that crucially depended on the observer’s attentional
set. Hence, the AB can be influenced by an emotional T1 when T1 has to be reported, but this influence is modulated by task
context. This result indicates a close connection between temporal attention and emotional processing that is modulated by
task context. 相似文献
489.
为了探索博彩行为与风险决策的特点,采用眼动研究方法对博彩行为中的风险决策任务进行了实验,结果发现:(1)外部框架表征虽影响决策者的内部表征,但决策者的内部表征方式表现出稳定的规律;(2)参与者在博彩中面对损失时,认知加工的决策时间比在面对收益的博彩任务的决策时间长,凝视次数也多比较多,决策者的瞳孔直径比面对收益任务下更大;(3)博彩参与者的内部表征方式,随博彩任务的外部表征的框架,金额、概率、备择项间倍数的改变而发生变化.结论:概率信息是博彩任务中的决策者稳定的决策权重;决策者在面对损失时会更加敏感,导致在决策过程中给予更多的加工负荷;博彩任务的外部表征对参与者内部表征有显著影响. 相似文献
490.