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Investigators have employed a variety of constructs and measures to examine individuals’ discomfort with computer use. Models and instruments for measuring constructs such as computer anxiety, computer phobia, and computer aversion have been employed to investigate negative reactions that slow individuals’ acceptance and useful application of computers. Using a large college student sample, we sought to compare the psychometric properties of three computer aversion scales and to investigate their relationships to gender, age, cognitive abilities, and experience with computer use. The results indicated good reliability, good validity coefficients, and similar factor structures for the scales. Younger students, female students, and students with lower mathematical skills and less computer experience were more likely to experience discomfort with computers. Implications include the possibility that if software and hardware alter subjects’ expectations about the difficulty of completing tasks, individual differences in computer aversion are likely to become a source of additional unexplained variance. Such differences must be heeded in software design and in the design of experimental research involving computers as stimulus controllers and response recorders. 相似文献
274.
Ann T. Gregersen R. Scott Nebeker Kenneth L. Seely Michael J. Lambert 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2004,32(4):194-205
This study tested the appropriateness of Outcome Questionnaire‐45 norms for Asian and Pacific Islander students. Both groups scored higher, based on participants' self‐reported general functioning, than the norms and more frequently met criteria for clinical classification, a possible indication of greater distress. The authors discuss findings and therapeutic applications. Este estudio probó la conveniencia de Resultado del Cuestionario—45 normas para los estudiantes Asiáticos y Isleño Pacífico. Los dos grupos estubirieron un puntaje alto, basado en la función general de ser‐informó, que las normas, y con más frecuencia encontró los criterios para la clasificación clínica, una indicación posible de anguista más alta. Los autores discuten los hallazgos y las aplicaciones terapéuticas. 相似文献
275.
Christopher J. L. Cunningham Mukta Panda Jeremy Lambert Greg Daniel Kathleen DeMars 《Journal of religion and health》2017,56(4):1231-1247
Many scholars have written about the role of spirituality in health care. One mechanism for incorporating spirituality into the care of patients is to integrate clinically trained chaplains into hospital care teams. We examined in a mixed-methods fashion, the effects of this type of integrated care team within a teaching hospital setting. The quality and impact of chaplain involvement were studied from patient and physician-in-training perspectives, using data from more than 200 patients and physicians in training. Findings clearly show that clinically trained chaplains can contribute meaningful expertise and real value to the quality and comprehensiveness of patient and physician experiences. 相似文献
276.
Joseph M. Lambert Anne M. Clohisy S. Blair Barrows Nealetta J. Houchins-Juarez 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2017,26(2):201-220
Researchers have demonstrated for practitioners how to use multiple-schedules preparations to thin initially dense schedules of reinforcement during functional communication training, without sacrificing benefits associated with dense schedules of reinforcement for manding. However, special considerations may be required for practitioners to successfully apply this strategy to noncompliance. The purpose of our study was to evaluate whether multiple-schedules preparations could maintain contextually prescribed compliance and manding during interventions for noncompliance. For one participant, a multiple-schedules intervention was sufficient to establish socially valid outcomes. For the other, chained-schedules modifications were required before compliance emerged in relevant components. 相似文献
277.
Patrick M. Tyler Ronald W. Thompson Alexandra L. Trout Matthew C. Lambert Lori L. Synhorst 《Journal of child and family studies》2017,26(6):1603-1613
Aftercare services have been suggested to improve the outcomes of youth who depart group homes. The purpose of this study was to collect views from social service agency leaders about the aftercare supports they believed were most important for youth departing group homes. This project used a survey method and gathered views from 38 agency leaders who were 28–66 years of age, with an average of 21 years of experience working with residential care programs in 23 states across the United States. Participants ranked seven support domains (i.e., family, education, mental health, relationships, physical health, safety, and independent living) and rated 56 specific aftercare supports based on importance for youth who were departing group homes and returning to their homes/schools prior to high school graduation. Results suggested family, safety, and mental health supports were the most important domains of support for aftercare. Specific aftercare items that were rated critically important included support for self-harm/suicidal thoughts, accessing mental health services, coping with trauma, and managing medication for behavior/mental health. Tables are provided for the complete list of 56 specific support ratings. The findings are summarized and limitations are discussed. Also included are the implications the findings could have regarding future research on the design of aftercare services. 相似文献
278.
Alejandra Morales Picard Lauren Hogan Megan L. Lambert Anna Wilkinson Amanda M. Seed Katie E. Slocombe 《Animal cognition》2017,20(2):285-298
While social learning has been demonstrated in species across many taxa, the role it plays in everyday foraging decisions is not well understood. Investigating social learning during foraging could shed light on the emergence of cultural variation in different groups. We used an open diffusion experiment to examine the spread of a novel foraging technique in captive Amazon parrots. Three groups were tested using a two-action foraging box, including experimental groups exposed to demonstrators using different techniques and control birds. We also examined the influence of agonistic and pilfering behaviour on task acquisition. We found evidence of social learning: more experimental birds than control birds interacted with and opened the box. The birds were, however, no more likely to use the demonstrated technique than the non-demonstrated one, making local or stimulus enhancement the most likely mechanism. Exhibiting aggression was positively correlated with box opening, whilst receiving aggression did not reduce motivation to engage with the box, indicating that willingness to defend access to the box was important in task acquisition. Pilfering food and success in opening the box were also positively correlated; however, having food pilfered did not affect victims’ motivation to interact with the box. In a group context, pilfering may promote learning of new foraging opportunities. Although previous studies have demonstrated that psittacines are capable of imitation, in this naturalistic set-up there was no evidence that parrots copied the demonstrated opening technique. Foraging behaviour in wild populations of Amazons could therefore be facilitated by low-fidelity social learning mechanisms. 相似文献
279.
Caucasian-, Hispanic-, and Asian-American male and female students (n?=?764) attending a California (USA) public university reported their perceptions of sexual assault. After reading a rape vignette, participants gave their impressions of the victim; estimated time needed for recovery and treatment; and recommended a sentence for the assailant. Half of the sample received information regarding state sentencing guidelines. Relative to female participants, males perceived the victim as more responsible. Caucasian-American males had stronger reservation about the victim’s judgment. Males were less inclined to assign blame than were females. Ethnicity was the only factor influencing perceptions of recovery. Ethnicity and sentencing guidelines, but not gender, impacted imprisonment decisions. Issues impeding a unified theoretical understanding of perceptions of rape victims were considered. 相似文献
280.
Leonard Bickman Catherine M. Smith E. Warren Lambert Ana Regina Andrade 《Journal of child and family studies》2003,12(2):135-156
In order to determine whether expenditures for mental health could be reduced and quality improved, Congress mandated that the Department of Defense conduct a demonstration project utilizing a wraparound mental health service system for child and adolescent military dependents. A longitudinal quasiexperimental design was used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the demonstration. The results showed that children in the Wraparound Group received more wraparound services than those in the treatment as usual (TAU) Comparison Group. These services included case management, in-home treatment, and other nontraditional services. The Demonstration also provided better continuity of care. Multiple methods were used to investigate the impact of wraparound. Both groups showed some improvement on some measures but there were no differences between the groups in functioning, symptoms, life satisfaction, positive functioning, or sentinel events. Regardless of which statistical model was used to estimate costs, the Demonstration was also more expensive. The higher level of expenditures for the Wraparound group was a result of some expensive traditional care and the addition of nontraditional services. Several possible explanations of these results are provided. 相似文献