Books reviews and notes

GENERAL.

ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM. By Youssef M. Choueiri. Themes in Right‐Wing Ideology and Politics Series, ed. Roger Eatwell, University of Bath. London: Pinter Publishers, 1990. 178pp. Hb. £27.50. ISBN 0–86187–923–6.

THE POLITICS OF PAN‐ISLAM: IDEOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION. By Jacob M. Landau. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990. 438pp. n.p. ISBN 0–19–827709–1.

“IHR ALLE ABER SEID BRÜDER”: FESTSCHRIFT FÜR A.Th. Khoury ZUM 60. GEBURTSTAG (“BUT ALL OF YOU ARE BROTHERS”: FESTSCHRIFT FOR A.Th. Khoury ON THE OCCASION OF HIS 6OTH BIRTHDAY). Ludwig Hagemann and Ernst Pulsfort (Hg.). Würzburger Forschungen zur Missions und Religionswissenschaft Abt. 2, Religionswissenschaftliche Studien 14. Würzburg: Echter; Altenberge: Telos‐Verlag, 1990. 640pp. Pb., n.p. ISBN 3–429–01303–8 (Echter); Hb., n.p. ISBN 3–429–01304–6 (Echter).

ORIENTALISM, ISLAM AND ISLAMISTS. Edited by Asaf Hussain, R. Olson & J. Qureshi. Brattleboro, Vermont: Amanda Books, 1984. 300pp. Pb.$9.95.

HERETIC AND HERO: Muhammad and the Victorians. By Philip C. Almond. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1989. 107pp. Hb. DM48.00. ISBN 0340‐ 6792.

THE ISLAMIC LAW OF PERSONAL STATUS. By Jamal J. Nasir. Arab and Islamic Laws Series. London: Graham & Trotman, 1990 (2nd edition). 358pp. Pb. £29.00, $55.00. ISBN 1–85333–280–1.

THE STATUS OF WOMEN UNDER ISLAMIC LAW. By Jamal J. Nasir. Arab and Islamic Laws Series. London: Graham & Trotman, 1990. 151pp. Pb. £29.50, $56.00. ISBN 1–85333–281‐X.

AN OVERVIEW OF MODERN ARABIC LITERATURE. By P. Cachia. Islamic Surveys no. 17. Edinburgh: University Press, 1990. 241pp. Hb., n.p. ISBN‐0‐ 7486–0132–5.

ENIGMATIC SAINT: Ahmad IBN Idris AND THE IDRISI TRADITION. By R.S. O'Fahey. London: Hurst and Company, 1990. 261pp. Hb. £25.00. ISBN 1–85065–087‐X.

ISLAM: THE STRAIGHT PATH. By John L. Esposito. New York. Oxford: OUP, 1988. viii + 230pp. Pb. £6.95. ISBN 0–19–504399–5.

CALLIGRAPHY AND ISLAMIC CULTURE. By Annemarie Schim‐mel. London: I.B. Tauris, 1990. xiv + 264pp. Pb. £14.95. ISBN 1–85043–187–6.

A POPULAR DICTIONARY OF SIKHISM. By W. Owen Cole and P. Singh Sambhi. London: Curzon Press and Glenn Dale: The Riverside Company, 1990. 163pp. Pb. £4.50. ISBN 0–70O7–0202–4.

SUNSHINE AT MADINAH. By Zakaria Bashier. Leicester: Islamic Foundation, 1990. 232pp. Pb., n.p. ISBN 0–86037–196–4.

ISLAMISCHER INTERNATIONALISMUS IM 20. JAHRHUNDERT (SLAMIC INTERNATIONALISM IN THE 20TH CENTURY). By Reinhard Schulze. Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East, Vol.XII. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1990. 509pp. Hb. DF187.00, $93.50. ISBN 90–04–08268–7.

THE LANTERN OF THE PATH. By Ja'far Al‐Sadiq. London: Zahra Trust, 143pp. Pb. £6.95. ISBN 1–85230–062–0.

ISLAMIC BANKING. Edited and translated by Habib Shirazi. London: Butterworths, 1990. 104pp. Hb., n.p. ISBN 0–406–10035–7.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC LIBRARY COLLECTIONS IN WESTERN EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA. By Stephan Roman. London: Mansell, 1990. 259pp. Hb. £40.00. ISBN 0–7201–2065–9.

LIVING RELIGIONS: AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF THE WORLD'S FAITHS. By Mary Pat Fisher and Robert Luyster. London: I.B. Tauris, 1990. 367pp. Hb. £19.95. ISBN 1–85043–299–6.

LE HAREM POLITIQUE: LE PROPHETE ET LES FEMMES (THE POLITICAL HAREM: THE PROPHET AMD WOMEN). By Fatima Mernissi. Paris: Albin Michel S.A., 1987. 294pp. Pb. FF98.00. ISBN 2–226–02941–9.

SULTANES OUBLIÉES: FEMMES CHEFS D'ÉTAT EN ISLAM (FORGOTTEN SULTANAS: WOMEN HEADS OF STATE IN ISLAM). By Fatima Mernissi. Paris: Albin Michel S.A., 1990.290pp. Pb. FF 120.00. ISBN 2–226–03954–6.

REGIONAL.

Africa.

L'ISLAM AU FÉMININ: SOKHNA MAGAT DIOP CHEIKH DE LA CONFREREIE MOURIDE (SENEGAL). (FEMININE ISLAM: SOKHNA MAGAT DIOP SHAIKH OF THE MOURIDE (SENEGAL). By Christian Coulon and Odile Reveyrand. Bordeaux: Institut d'Études Politiques, Université de Bordeaux, 1990. 41pp. FF35.00. ISBN 2–908065–02–9. ISSN 0298–8879.

Asia.

ISLAMISIERUNG IN PAKISTAN 1977–1984: UNTERSUCHUNGEN ZUR AUFLÖSUNG AUTOCHTONER STRUKTUREN (ISLAMIZATION IN PAKISTAN 1977–1984: INVESTIGATIONS CONCERNING THE DISSOLUTION OF AUTOCHTONOUS STRUCTURES). By S. Jamal Malik. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1989. xvii, 475pp. DM90.00. ISBN 3–515–05389–1.

CHRISTIAN MISSION AND ISLAMIC DA'WAH IN MALAYSIA. By Ghazali Basri with a foreword by Abdul Rahman I. Doi. Kuala Lumpur: Nurin Enterprise, 1990. 72pp. Pb.,$5.00. ISBN 967–984–0190–0.

PAKISTAN: A POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC HISTORY SINCE 1947. By Omar Noman. London: Kegan Paul Int., 1990. 238pp. Pb. £7.95. ISBN 0–7103–0389–0.

COMMUNITY AND CONSENSUS IN ISLAM: MUSLIM REPRESENTATION IN COLONIAL INDIA, 1860–1947. By Farzana Shaikh. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. 255pp. Hb.£27.50; $44.50. ISBN 0–521–36328–4.

Europe.

ISLAM — EEN NIEUW GELOOF IN NEDERLAND (A NEW RELIGION IN THE NETHERLANDS). Edited by P. Reesink. Baarn: Ambo, 1991. 263 pp. ISBN 90–263–1022–7.

ONTMOETING VAN MOSLEMS EN CHRISTENEN — GRENSVERLENGGENDE VERKENNINGEN (ENCOUNTERS WITH MUSLIMS AND CHRISTIANS—EXPLORING THE EXTENSION OF BOUNDARIES). Edited by Jan van Lin. Hilversum: Gooi & Sticht, 1990. 128 pp. Pb. ISBN 90–304–0533–3.

DE MOSKEE IS OM DE HOEK — ONTMOETING MET ISLAMTTISCHE JONGEREN ( THE MOSQUE IS AROUND THE CORNER — ENCOUNTERS WITH MUSLIM YOUTH). By Trees Andree, Ariane van Ddk & Kartn de Jonge. s'‐Gravenhage: Boekencentrum B.V., 1990. 159 pp. ISBN 90–239–0036–7.

MOSLEMS IN NEDERLAND — MINDERHEDEN EN RELIGIE IN CULTURELE SAMENLEWING (MUSLIMS IN THE NETHERLANDS — MINORITIES AND RELIGION IN – CULTURAL SOCIETY). By W.A.R. Shadid & P.S. van Koningsveld. Alphen aan den Rijn: Samson Stafleu, 1990. 159 pp. ISBN 90–14–03476–7.

DISTORTED IMAGINATION: LESSONS FROM THE RUSHDIE AFFAIR. By Ziaddin Sardar and Merryl Wyn Davies. London: Grey Seal Books, 1990. 303pp. Hb., £14.95. ISBN 1–85640‐ 000‐X.

SCHOOLS OF FAITH: RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS IN A MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Edited by Commission for Racial Equality. London: Commission for Racial Equality, 1990.22pp. Pb. £2.00. ISBN 1–85442–037–2.

Middle East.

THE WRATH OF JONAH: THE CRISIS OF RELIGIOUS NATIONALISM IN THE ISRAELI‐PALESTINIAN CONFLICT. By Rosemary R. Ruether and Herman J. Ruether. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1989. xxi, 277pp. Pb. $19.95. ISBN 0–06–066837–7.

AL‐INTILIJINSIYYA AL‐^CARABIYYA: AL‐MUTHAQQAFDN WA AL‐SULTA (THE ARAB INTELLIGENSIA: INTELLECTUALS AND AUTHORITY). Edited by Sa^cd Al‐D in Ibrahim. ^cAmman: Montada al‐Fikr al‐^cArabi (Amman: Arab Thought Forum), 1988. 584pp. (Arabic).

AL‐BU^CD AL‐DINI FI AL‐SIYASA AL‐AMRIKIYYA TUJAH AL‐SIRA^C AL‐ARABI AL‐SAHYUNI: DIRASA FI AL‐HARAKA AL‐MASIHIYYA AL‐USULIYYA AL‐AMRIKIYYA (THE RELIGIOUS DIMENSION IN AMERICAN POLICY TOWARDS THE ARABZIONIST CONFLICT: A STUDY OF THE AMERICAN CHRISTIAN FUNDAMENTALIST MOVEMENT). By Yūsuf Al‐Hasan. Bayrūt: Markaz Dirasat al‐Wahda al‐^cArabiyya (Beirut: Centre for Arab Unity Studies), 1990. 222pp. (Arabic).

AL‐SAHWA AL‐ISLAMIYYA WA HUMUM AL‐WATAN AL‐^CARABI (THE ISLAMIC AWAKENING AND THE WORRIES AND CONCERNS OF THE ARAB COUNTRIES). Edited by Sa^cd Al‐Din Ibrahim. ^cAmman: Muntada al‐Fikr al‐^cArabi (Amman: Arab Thought Forum), 1988. 412pp (Arabic).

PITY THE POOR NATION: LEBANON AT WAR. By Robert Fisk. Oxford: OUP, 1991. 662pp. Pb. £6.99. ISBN 0–19–285235–3.

MUSADDIQ AND THE STRUGGLE FOR POWER IN IRAN. By Homa Katouzian. London: I.B. Tauris, 1990. 305pp. Hb. £24.95. ISBN 1–85043–210–4.

POLITICS OF PARTITION: KING ABDULLAH, THE ZIONISTS AND PALESTINE 1921–1951. By Avi Shlaim. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990. 465pp. Pb. £7.95. ISBN 0–19–285223‐X.

BA'TH V BA'TH: THE CONFLICT BETWEEN SYRIA AND IRAQ 1968–1989. By Eberhard Kienle. London: I.B.Tauris, 1990. 238pp. Hb. £29.95. ISBN 1–85043–192–2.

MODERNITY AND TRADITION: THE SAUDI EQUATION. By Fouad Al‐Farsy. London: KPI Ltd, 1990. 337pp. Hb. £45.00. ISBN 0–7103–0395–5.

CHRISTIAN‐MUSLIM RELATIONS.

THE RISE OF HUMANISM IN CLASSICAL ISLAM AND THE CHRISTIAN WEST. By George Makdisi. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1990. 431pp. Hb. £45.00. ISBN 0–85224–630–7.

POUR UN REGARD CHRÉTIEN SUR L'ISLAM. By Robert Caspar. Religions en Dialogue. Collection dirigée par Dennis Gira. Paris: Centurion, 1990. 206pp. PD.135FF. ISBN 2–227–36303–7.

COUPLES ISLAMO‐CHRÉTIENS: PROMESSE OU IMPASSE (MUSLIM‐CHRISTIAN COUPLES: HOPE OR IMPASSE). By Daisy Benturqui ET AL. Lausanne: Editions du SOC, 1990. 107pp. Pb., n.p.

THE CHALLENGE OF THE SCRIPTURES: THE BIBLE AND THE QURAN. Muslim‐Christian Research Group. Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 1989. 104pp. Pb., n.p. ISBN 0–88344–650–2.     

Preliminary study of the relationship between guilt resolution and depression in a gerontological population

An individual interview process was used to investigate the relationship between proneness to depression in a gerontological sample and their evaluation of critical life incidents. High and low depressed individuals were asked to recall prideful and guiltful incidents from their past, and discrepancy scores were obtained between their past and present evaluations of those events. Limited evidence supported the hypothesis that individuals with higher proneness to depression showed a greater negative discrepancy in evaluations of critical life incidents. Subjects did not differ in the content of their recalled incidents as a function of guilt type or guilt referent.     

Component mechanisms underlying the processing of hierarchically organized patterns: inferences from patients with unilateral cortical lesions

Subjects identified target letters that occurred randomly at the local or global level in a divided attention task. The visual angle of the stimuli was varied. Neurologically intact controls showed a reaction time advantage for local targets which increased as visual angle increased. Patients with lesions centered in the posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) showed a larger local advantage than controls if the lesion was on the right and a global advantage if the lesion was on the left. STG patients were no more influenced by visual angle than were controls. Control subjects also showed the usual interference of global distractors on responding to local targets. STG patients showed little evidence of interference. Control patients with lesions centered in the rostral inferior parietal lobe performed normally. The findings suggest that several component mechanisms are involved in the processing of hierarchical levels of structure, each linked to specific anatomical regions.     

The effects of two stressors on state anxiety for students who differ in trait anxiety

The role of individual differences in speech trait anxiety as they related to the magnitude of A-State responses in two stressful situations was examined. Measures of anxiety were obtained before, during, and immediately after Ss gave a speech (ego-stressor) and blew up a balloon until it burst (physical stressor). While exposure to each stressor resulted in dramatic changes in A-State, it was found that differential A-State increases for the high and low speech trait anxious Ss occurred only during the ego-stressor condition. These findings were discussed in terms of Trait-State Anxiety Theory with particular reference to the differential stressful effects of ego and physical stressor on A-State for Ss who differ in A-Trait.     

Prediction of choice reaction time from information of individual stimuli

A model is developed to predict the reaction time to stimuli using information content of the individual stimuli. Review of previous research in the area showed inconsistencies due possibly to the mode of stimulus presentation or to the number of stimuli. Two experiments designed to cover the range of variables used in previous experiments were conducted. The results indicate that the model makes accurate predictions over the entire range of variables used. A comparison to earlier studies also indicates a close correspondence. nt|mis|Acknowledgment is due the Office of Naval Research which supported this research through a prime contract, NOnr 2512(00), with General Dynamics Electric Boat Division as a part of the SUBIC. (SUBmarine Integrated Control) program.     

An analysis of Holland's interest types for women: A comparison of the Strong-Holland and the ACT vocational interest profile scales for women

The purpose of this paper was to examine the basic vocational interest dimensions of women. Two interest inventories designed to measure the six interest dimensions described by Holland (1966) were administered to 126 university freshman women. The correlations between corresponding scales of the two instruments was generally high and application of the spatial configuration analysis resulted in the expected circular ordering found in previous studies. The usefulness of the basic interest dimensions when counseling with women was discussed from a practical and a theoretical point of view.     

Blame it on me

Journal of Philosophical Logic - In this paper, we develop a formalisation of the main ideas of the work of Van de Poel on responsibility. Using the basic concepts through which the meanings of...     

Teaching Children to Confront Peers’ Sexist Remarks: Implications for Theories of Gender Development and Educational Practice

Elementary-school children (81 boys, 72 girls, aged 5–10 years) in the Southwest United States were taught to challenge peers’ sexist remarks to (a) improve school climate for gender nontraditional children, (b) decrease children’s gender-typed attitudes, and (c) test hypotheses linking gender identity and peer-directed gender role behaviors. Children either practiced using retorts to peers’ sexist remarks (practice condition) or heard stories about others’ retorts (narrative condition). At pretest, children rarely challenged peers’ sexist remarks. At posttest, children’s challenges were significantly more common in the practice than narrative condition. At the 6-month posttest, data showed intervention effects had become more widespread. Behavioral changes led to decreases in gender-typing of others among girls but not boys.