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31.
R Lahl 《Psychiatrie, Neurologie, und medizinische Psychologie》1977,29(11):672-677
This is a report on the spinal manifestation of sarcoidosis, which has heretofore been infrequently dealt with in the specialized literature. In addition to diffuse manifestation, there has become known circumscribed and solitary manifestation with tumorous symptomatology as a result of spinal compression. Transverse syndromes, pareses, manifestations of sensibility, and disorders of the bladder and rectum are of major clinical importance in this connection. Pathomorphologically, it is possible to distinguish granulomatous leptomeningitis, myelitis, and (poly-) radiculitis, combined simultaneous involvement being frequently observed. So far as differential diagnosis is concerned, considerable difficulties are encountered especially in the case of isolated spinal monosymptomatology. Prognosis, because of special topographic conditions, is less favorable than for other organic manifestations. Secondary phenomena and complications are often responsible for the consequences of spinal sarcoidosis. In addition to spontaneous healing, treatment with corticosteroids (of acute disease processes which, however, are a relatively rare occurrence) and surgical operation (in the case of solitary spinal sarcoid granulomata with compression syndromes) have proven to be most successful. 相似文献
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Olaf Mueller 《Erkenntnis》1998,48(1):85-104
Quine claims that holism (i.e., the Quine-Duhem thesis) prevents us from defining synonymy and analyticity (section 2). In Word and Object, he dismisses a notion of synonymy which works well even if holism is true. The notion goes back to a proposal from Grice and Strawson and runs thus: R and S are synonymous iff for all sentences T we have that the logical conjunction of R and T is stimulus-synonymous to that of S and T. Whereas Grice and Strawson did not attempt to defend this definition, I try to show that it indeed gives us a satisfactory account of synonymy. Contrary to Quine, the notion is tighter than stimulus-synonymy – particularly when applied to sentences with less than critical semantic mass (section 3). Now according to Quine, analyticity could be defined in terms of synonymy, if synonymy were to make sense: A sentence is analytic iff synonymous to self-conditionals. This leads us to the following notion of analyticity: S is analytic iff, for all sentences T, the logical conjunction of S and T is stimulus-synonymous to T; an analytic sentence does not change the semantic mass of any theory to which it may be conjoined (section 4). This notion is tighter than Quine's stimulus-analyticity; unlike stimulus-analyticity, it does not apply to those sentences from the very center of our theories which can be assented to come what may, even though they are not synthetic in the intuitive sense (section 5). 相似文献
36.
Transparency: A Necessary Requirement for the Construct Validity of Assessment Centres 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
La validité de construction des centres d'évaluation et la performance perçue des candidats sont-elles sensibles au fait que ceux-ci aient ou non connaissance des dimensions jugées pertinentes? 119 étudiants de 1° cycle ont participéà une session de centre d'évaluation dans des conditions de transparence et de non transparence. II est apparu que la validité de construction était supérieure quand les participants connaissaient les dimensions recherchées et le comportement attendu de leur part. En outre, les notations des sujets de la condition "transparence" qui admettaient avoir soumis leur conduite aux dimensions attendues bénéficiaient d'une validité discriminante et convergente supérieure à celle des notations des sujets qui affirmaient n'avoir tenu aucun compte des dites dimensions. L'impact de la transparence des dimensions recherchées sur la validité de construction des centres d'évaluation est discuté.
The present study tested whether the construct validity of assessment centres and the perceived performance of candidates were influenced by whether or not the requirement dimensions were made transparent for participants. A total of 119 college students participated in an assessment centre under either transparent or nontransparent conditions. Results showed that construct validity was higher when participants knew the requirement dimensions and what behaviour was required of them. In addition, the ratings of subjects in the transparency condition who reported that they had oriented their behaviour towards the requirement dimensions had higher convergent and discriminant validity than the ratings of subjects who reported that they disregarded the requirement dimensions. The consequences of the transparency of requirement dimensions for the construct validity of assessment centres are discussed. 相似文献
The present study tested whether the construct validity of assessment centres and the perceived performance of candidates were influenced by whether or not the requirement dimensions were made transparent for participants. A total of 119 college students participated in an assessment centre under either transparent or nontransparent conditions. Results showed that construct validity was higher when participants knew the requirement dimensions and what behaviour was required of them. In addition, the ratings of subjects in the transparency condition who reported that they had oriented their behaviour towards the requirement dimensions had higher convergent and discriminant validity than the ratings of subjects who reported that they disregarded the requirement dimensions. The consequences of the transparency of requirement dimensions for the construct validity of assessment centres are discussed. 相似文献
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The development of theories and computational models of reading requires an understanding of processing constraints, in particular
of timelines related to word recognition and oculomotor control. Timelines of word recognition are usually determined with
event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded under conditions of serial visual presentation (SVP) of words; timelines of oculomotor
control are derived from parameters of eye movements (EMs) during natural reading. We describe two strategies to integrate
these approaches. One is to collect ERPs and EMs in separate SVP and natural reading experiments for the same experimental
material (but different subjects). The other strategy is to co-register EMs and ERPs during natural reading from the same
subjects. Both strategies yield data that allow us to determine how lexical properties influence ERPs (e.g., the N400 component)
and EMs (e.g., fixation durations) across neighboring words. We review our recent research on the effects of frequency and
predictability of words on both EM and ERP measures with reference to current models of eye-movement control during reading.
Results are in support of the proposition that lexical access is distributed across several fixations and across brain-electric
potentials measured on neighboring words. 相似文献
40.
Silvio Ionta Anna Sforza Mariko Funato Olaf Blanke 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2013,13(1):197-209
During mental rotation (MR) of body parts, people internally simulate the movement of their corresponding body segments. These sensory–motor mechanisms render MR sensitive to proprioceptive information (e.g., posture). Similar mechanisms can alter illusory hand ownership following synchronous visuotactile stimulation (e.g., the rubber hand illusion [RHI]). In the present study, we first showed that illusory ownership for a fake hand can also be induced when the posture of the fake hand (palm-up) does not correspond with the subject’s physical hand posture (palm-down). Then we tested whether illusory ownership for a fake hand in such a posture impacts the MR of hands carried out immediately and repeatedly after the RHI. The results showed that MR was altered for the view corresponding to the fake hand’s posture, but not for other views. Additionally, these effects depended on illusory ownership, as only synchronous visuotactile stimulation was found to lead to these changes, characterized by a modulation of the rotation-dependent profile of MR response times. These findings show that similar sensory–motor mechanisms are recruited during the MR of hands and illusory hand ownership manipulated through multisensory mismatch, and that bottom-up visuotactile stimulation interferes with high-level imagery processes. 相似文献