儒学要与时代同行 须强化与西方文化的对话

本文是作者“儒学与西方文明”座谈会上的发言稿。作者认为,只有站在当今世界文明的高端．从中华民族今天的辉煌着眼。才能够把握儒家历史演进的全部意义和基本精神。各种文化形态的碰撞和交流。并没有扼杀以儒家为代表的民族精神,倒为我们提供了重新审视传统的良机。儒家以人为本的价值观。有久经历史考验的传统积累,不但应该在当前的国内发挥作用,而且有充分的理由影响世界。面对国内外基督教学术界提出的“孔耶”互补互利论、“文化神学”等种种论点,大陆的儒学界应该充分发挥学术的优势。为儒学的创新开辟新的局面。     

Children like dense neighborhoods: Orthographic neighborhood density effects in novel readers

Previous evidence with English beginning readers suggests that some orthographic effects, such as the orthographic neighborhood density effects, could be stronger for children than for adults. Particularly, children respond more accurately to words with many orthographic neighbors than to words with few neighbors. The magnitude of the effects for children is much higher than for adults, and some researchers have proposed that these effects could be progressively modulated according to reading expertise. The present paper explores in depth how children from 1st to 6th grade perform a lexical decision with words that are from dense or sparse orthographic neighborhoods, attending not only to accuracy measures, but also to response latencies, through a computer-controlled task. Our results reveal that children (like adults) show clear neighborhood density effects, and that these effects do not seem to depend on reading expertise. Contrarily to previous claims, the present work shows that orthographic neighborhood effects are not progressively modulated by reading skill. Further, these data strongly support the idea of a general language-independent preference for using the lexical route instead of grapheme-to-phoneme conversions, even in beginning readers. The implications of these results for developmental models in reading and for models in visual word recognition and orthographic encoding are discussed.     

基于愿望的儿童特质因果理解研究

本研究采用测验法,随机抽取60名42-93个月的儿童为被试,考察他们基于愿望的特质因果理解能力。结果显示:(1)从42个月起,儿童就可以根据特质信息进行行为预测和情绪预测,且随年龄增长,预测水平有显著提高;(2)儿童理解愿望的主观性是儿童进行情绪预测的前提。     

IAT范式下自尊内隐性的再证明

该研究用IAT测量了被试的内隐自尊,并通过操纵被试在不同的认知负荷条件下进行外显自我评价来考察外显自我评价和内隐自尊之间的关系。得到的结论是,在低认知负荷条件下进行外显自我评价时,外显自我评价和内隐自尊没有表现出一致性;在高认知负荷条件下进行外显自我评价时,外显自我评价和内隐自尊表现出一致性。该研究在IAT范式下表明了内隐自尊和外显自尊的分离,内隐自尊具有无意识性和自动化的特点。     

女性领导能力中介效应分析

本文采用问卷调研和结构方程建模的方法对女性领导模式对食业绩效的影响进行实证研究,其中主要实证分析女性领导能力的中介效应.研究发现,女性领导能力在女性领导模式对企业绩效之间大部分中介效应显著.     

“纪念中国逻辑学会成立30周年大会”记略

2009年10月23日至26日,由中国逻辑学会主办的“纪念中国逻辑学会成立30周年大会”在四川成都隆重举行。本次会议由四川省逻辑学会、四川大学成人教育学院、四川大学公共管理学院、西南财经大学人文学院以及绵阳师范学院文学与传播学院等5家单位承办,北京大学、清华大学等17家单位参与协办。本次会议盛况空前,来自全国的近200余位逻辑学界的专家、学者相聚蓉城,畅谈中国逻辑学研究30年发展的历程。     

社会智力研究视角和方法的转变——从社会智力的测量观到人格的社会智力观

在社会智力研究的早期,研究者们运用测量观的视角和方法对社会智力进行了研究,取得了不少的成果。但是随着研究的进行,传统测量观的发展却遇到了极大的困难,如不能对社会智力和学业智力进行有效的区分等。人格的社会智力观强调社会行为的背景具体化和行为的主观意义,主张探询人的一般化的社会认知机制,为社会智力的研究展开了一个新的视角。     

Person-organization fit: Testing socialization and attraction-selection-attrition hypotheses

Using the socialization and attraction-selection-attrition (ASA) frameworks, this study examined the relation between employees’ work values and their organization’s values (person-organization fit). With a two year time interval, 140 respondents participated in a longitudinal study. After entry, socialization served to enhance homogeneity. The work values underwent small changes and the perception of fit with the organization grew. Despite high retention rates results confirmed the attrition effect. Results indicated that the lower the perceived match between own and organizational values at entry, the more likely it was that someone left the organization over time. We concluded that socialization as well as attrition mechanisms were present at the same time.     

Estimation of the Nonlinear Random Coefficient Model when Some Random Effects Are Separable

A method is presented for marginal maximum likelihood estimation of the nonlinear random coefficient model when the response function has some linear parameters. This is done by writing the marginal distribution of the repeated measures as a conditional distribution of the response given the nonlinear random effects. The resulting distribution then requires an integral equation that is of dimension equal to the number of nonlinear terms. For nonlinear functions that have linear coefficients, the improvement in computational speed and accuracy using the new algorithm can be dramatic. An illustration of the method with repeated measures data from a learning experiment is presented.     

Precedence-effect-induced enhancement of prepulse inhibition in socially reared but not isolation-reared rats

Attention to a prepulse presented shortly before a startling stimulus enhances prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle in normal people, but not in schizophrenics. Fear conditioning for the prepulse enhances PPI in socially reared, but not isolation-reared, rats. In humans, selective attention to acoustic signals against masking can be facilitated by precedence-effect-induced perceived spatial separation between the signal and the masker. This study investigated whether perceived spatial separation between a prepulse and a noise masker enhances PPI in socially reared rats and isolation-reared rats. The results show that both PPI and conditioning-induced PPI enhancement were larger in socially reared rats than in isolation-reared rats. More important, in socially reared, but not isolation-reared, rats, a further PPI enhancement was induced by precedence-effect-induced perceived separation between a prepulse and a masker only after the prepulse became fear conditioned. Thus, perceived separation facilitates normal rats’ attention to a conditioned prepulse and enhances PPI. Isolation rearing impairs rats’ ability to attend to ecologically significant acoustic events.