Rape,money, and the psychology of taboo

Policy and legal decision making sometimes requires difficult assessments about how to translate the harm of sexual assault into dollar amounts. A web‐based experiment (n = 743) was designed to test the psychology of taboo theory in this important context. The experiment included two unique features. First, subjects were randomly assigned to assess vignettes in either a dollar metric, a 7‐point harm scale metric, or a years‐in‐jail metric. Second, subjects were given the opportunity, but not required, to provide a comment when making their assessment. Assignment to the dollar metric treatment group resulted in subjects freely expressing significantly more constitutive incommensurability comments. The effect was most pronounced when the level of sexual assault in the vignette was greatest.     

I don't believe but I pray: spirituality,instrumentality, or paranormal belief?

These three studies are among the first to systematically compare five Chinese religious groups on intrinsic (spiritual) and extrinsic (instrumental and paranormal) orientation. In Study 1, a Chinese version of the Index of Core Spiritual Experiences was developed. In Studies 2 and 3, spirituality and religious involvement was found to be greatest among Christians, followed in order by Buddhists, Taoists, traditional nones, and other nones. An instrumental purpose for religious activities and paranormal belief was found to be highest among Taoists, followed in order by Buddhists, traditional nones, other nones, and Christians. The results are consistent with the conclusion that Christianity offers the least support for an extrinsic religious orientation and the most support for an intrinsic religious orientation.     

Nanoindentation-induced elastic–plastic transition and size effect in α-Al2O3(0001)

The mechanical properties of α-Al₂O₃(0001) have been investigated using the technique of nanoindentation with a Berkovich indenter. Coupled with the Hertzian contact theory, a theoretical shear strength of 28?±?2?GPa was determined from the onset of pop-in events on load–displacement curves during loading, and the intrinsic hardness 30?±?3?GPa was obtained by analysis of the so-called indentation size effect, based on the concept of geometrically necessary dislocations. The predicted values of the shear strength, hardness and elastic modulus are in good agreement with available experimental data. The importance of experimentally calibrating the area function over the contact depth range prior to nanoindentation tests is emphasized.     

Dislocations in Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors

Abstract

Dislocations and dislocation networks in superconducting Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O have been observed by means of TEM, confirming that this compound is a layer structure with low stacking fault energy. On the basal plane, dislocations and dislocation networks dissociate into partial dislocations and partial dislocation networks. However, the dissociation of [010] dislocations is hardly observed, which is related to the structural characteristics of the compound.     

Effect of thermoelectric magnetic force on the array of dendrites during directional solidification of Al–Cu alloys in a high magnetic field

By eliminating the effect of the magnetic moment arising from the magnetic crystalline anisotropy, the effect of the thermoelectric magnetic force on the array of dendrites during directional solidification of Al–35?wt%Cu and Al-40?wt%Cu alloys in a high magnetic field has been investigated experimentally. The results indicate that the dendrite array is essentially destroyed, a result that could have general significance for understanding the processes involved in the solidification of alloys in a magnetic field.     

清华简《程寤》主旨试探

《程寤》中太姒所梦的内涵引起许多学者的关注,从而展开了很多有价值的探索。本文结合学术界的现有成果,辅以个人的认识,对此梦的含义做了进一步的论述,认为梓与太子发密切相关,代表周;松、柏、械、柞指周的贤臣。太子发在梦中的作用十分重要,此梦的象征意义乃是太子发将会率周的贤臣占领商都,推翻商朝。     

情感适应的心理机制:AREA模型

情感适应是指对重复或连续刺激的情感反应变弱的心理过程.在解释情感适应的心理机制和过程的理论中,最有影响的是AREA模型.该模型认为个体注意到与自身相关且难以解释的事件时,对事件作出情感反应并试图解释或理解;若解释成功,注意力会减弱进而适应该事件,对应的情感反应也会变弱.大量关于消极事件与积极事件的研究为AREA模型提供了实证支持.未来研究需要从影响情感适应速度的因素、跨文化研究、适应轨迹的时间精确性以及干预措施等方面进一步探索.     

Barriers to Treatment in an Ethnically Diverse Sample of Families Enrolled in a Community-Based Domestic Violence Intervention

Using quantitative and qualitative data, we examined the association between barriers to treatment, motivating factors, treatment attendance, and outcome in a sample of 63 mothers (most of Asian or Pacific Islander descent) enrolled in a family-based domestic violence treatment program. A high number of perceived barriers was associated with lower attendance and lower scores on assessment of parenting practices at posttreatment. Mothers reported relying on their own motivation, observations of children's improvement, and the quality of their relationships with staff and group members to overcome barriers. A larger number of motivating factors was associated with positive parenting practices at posttreatment. Discussion includes the benefits of a mixed-method approach to measuring barriers and its clinical application to increase treatment participation.     

Adaptation effects in facial expression recognition

The effect of adaptation on facial expression recognition was investigated by measuring how identification performance of test stimuli falling along a particular expression continuum was affected after adapting to various prototype emotional faces or a control pattern. The results showed that for recognition of fear, happiness, and sadness, inhibition effects were observed on recognition of test expressions following 5 s adaptation to the same emotion, suggesting different neural populations tuned for the encoding of fearful, happy, and sad expressions. Facilitation of recognition of test stimuli differing in emotion to the adapting stimulus was also sometimes observed. The nature of these adaptation effects was investigated by introducing a size transformation or a delay between adapting and test stimuli and was found to survive these changes. The results of a further experiment argued against a criterion effect being the major source by demonstrating the importance of adapting time in generating the effects. Overall, the present study demonstrates the utility of adaptation effects for revealing functional characteristics of facial expression processing.     

心理契约破坏对组织公民行为的影响：同事支持感的调节作用

采用问卷调查法,研究了同事支持感（perceived coworker support）在心理契约破坏和组织公民关系间的调节作用。研究结果表明：同事支持感会削弱心理契约破坏和组织公民行为的关系的强度,即当个体感知到较高程度的同事支持,虽然个体感受到心理契约被破坏,也会维持较高程度的组织公民行为。