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This article examines the value of the psychosomatic family model for the study of chronically ill children. Four conceptual problems arise in the discussion of this model: the unidirectional causality of the model; the function of the sick child for the family system; the pathology of the family characteristics; and the disease type. In the present study, we propose (a) that a distinction be made between uncontrolled and controlled forms of disease, and (b) that the family characteristics of "cohesion" and "adaptation" be examined in relation to the parental capacity for problem solving and the acceptance or rejection of the child by the parents. This is shown by means of empirical research. In this empirical study, 20 families with a child suffering from controlled asthma are compared with 20 families with a child suffering from uncontrolled asthma. Contrary to the assumptions derived from the psychosomatic family model, the results show significantly more cohesion and structure in the group with a child suffering from controlled asthma. The findings from this study are integrated in a new model for the study of chronic childhood illness —"the excitation-adaptation model." In this model, two circular processes are emphasized involving (a) the progress of the illness and the way in which parents and child deal with medication and medical advice (therapy compliance), and (b) the factors influencing the therapy compliance on the part of the parents, the family, and the child. By studying these factors in connection with the management of the illness, it should become clear whether family characteristics are adaptive or pathological. 相似文献
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LOUIS GROARKE 《Heythrop Journal》2006,47(2):257-274
In this paper I argue that a pervasive “religion as tyranny” view has its roots in a philosophical misunderstanding about human freedom. The established liberal view, which is a kind of “empty Protestantism,” conceives of freedom primarily in negative terms as freedom of choice or amoral autonomy. I argue that this approach, which originates in Puritan theology, leads inevitably to a wide‐ranging indifferentism and that indifferentism is incompatible with Christianity. Christians need to elaborate in response a positive definition of freedom as moral autonomy or good rebellion. Insomuch as religion is an essential aspect of human flourishing, it liberates rather than enslaves the individual. 相似文献
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Familiarity with DSM-III-R is an important element in maintaining professional expertise for counselors. This article discusses the new revisions contained in the DSM-III-R. 相似文献
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F. LOUIS VARGA 《Journal of Employment Counseling》1974,11(2):63-72
This study measures the differences in types of client needs perceived by various categories of counselors, the types of needs they attempted to help their clients gratify, and the needs that were viewed as gratified. Eighteen counselors and 697 clients (or their records) were used in the study. A five-category need classification guideline was used by three outside judges to categorize the list of needs compiled by the counselors; agreement among the judges was such that the classification system was deemed appropriate for this study. Differences in need categories were compared using a chi-square formula and Yates' correction for small frequencies. Significant findings and conclusions are noted and suggestions for further studies are given. 相似文献
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THE AVAILABILITY AND HELPFULNESS OF SOCIALIZATION PRACTICES 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
This study reports on the socialization practices most available to new employees and the extent to which these practices are seen by newcomers as being helpful in becoming effective organizational members. The results showed that socialization practices are differentially available to newcomers, and perceptions of their helpfulness vary. The helpfulness of various socialization practices as reported by newcomers appears to affect their feelings of subsequent job satisfaction and commitment. 相似文献
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Individuals with a cardiac condition and their spousal caregivers were recruited from cardiac rehabilitation centers and interviewed separately. Based on exchange theory, it was expected that greater caregiver resentment would be associated with feeling underbenefited in the relationship and with an orientation to relationships that did not focus on the needs of the partner (communal), but did focus on “tit-for-tat” reciprocity (exchange). It was also expected that those caregivers who were more likely to get their needs satisfied in the relationship before the cardiac incident would be more resentful at giving care. Finally, based on attributional theory, it was predicted that caregivers who thought that their spouses were not taking responsibility for improving their health would be more resentful. As predicted, more resentful caregivers were those who felt underbenefited, were more exchange oriented, and judged that their partners were not working toward improving their health. In addition, only those with a low communal orientation toward their spouse showed a relationship between feeling underbenefited and resentment. The needs centrality prediction was not supported. The findings illustrate the utility of applying theories developed in the close relationship area to the understanding of caregiving with chronically ill populations. 相似文献
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ALPHABETICALLY NADIA BRUSCHWEILER‐STERN ALEXANDRA M. HARRISON KARLEN LYONS‐RUTH ALEXANDER C. MORGAN JEREMY P. NAHUM LOUIS W. SANDER DANIEL N. STERN EDWARD Z. TRONICK 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2002,83(5):1051-1062
This paper proposes a method of examining the micro-events of the analytic process that borrows heavily from developmental research. The increasing importance of illuminating the microprocess of interaction to understanding the process of change in analytic treatment is emphasised. A set of constructs and terminology is proposed for the study of the moment-to-moment interactive process in psychoanalytic therapy referred to as the local level. A theory of therapeutic action based on 'local-level' process is then explicated. Its central element involves a step-by-step process of 'fitting together', which leads to changes in implicit knowing through alteration of emotional procedures. 相似文献
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