基督教影响下的家庭观和婚姻观研究——以生活在中国境内的亚洲人为研究对象

在世界范围内,信仰基督宗教的人数大约在20亿人左右,而这20亿左右的人当中,亚洲占3亿多,其中主要分布在东亚和东南亚这些地区。近年来,随着基督教在亚洲传播速度的加快,亚洲范围内信仰基督宗教的人数预计在2025年时将会增加到5亿人。随着基督教在亚洲的迅速发展,我们可以预计在未来基督教将会在更大的层面上影响亚洲人的生活．尤其是在文化和价值判断上。随着近年来社会对于家庭问题的不断关注．家庭观念成为了研究的热点。所以我们设计了这次调查,以期望能够解读在现代社会中基督教对于人们家庭观念和婚姻观念的影响。     

在读护生的职业认同研究

目的研制在读护生的护士职业认同评价工具,并检测其信度和效度.方法运用访谈法、专家咨询法和文献法设计原始问卷,并运用调查法对145名护生进行试测,系统分析问卷的信效度.结果在读护生的护士职业认同问卷自我认知纬度包古五个因子,累计贡献率64.072%,共18项题目;自我体验纬度包吉五个因子,累计贡献率66.419%,共22项题目;自我控制纬度包含两因子累计贡献率53.766%,共11项题目,该问卷有较好的信效度.结论在读护生的护士职业认同问卷可以作为护理教育者对在读护生进行职业心理素质教育的评价依据.     

视觉工作记忆中的加工与存储机制:回顾与思考

在视觉工作记忆的研究中,是否可能划分出视觉空间工作记忆和视觉物体工作记忆两个子系统还没有定论.子系统划分成立的基本前提是以特征为存储单位.当前关于存储单位的理论有特征理论、客体理论和双重存储等不同观点,多数视觉信息加工与存储机制的研究支持双重存储说.注意与视觉信息的加工和存储相互影响,因此,加工及存储机制的研究就要在具体的注意水平上进行.     

宗教现象学的基本问题

客观的宗教现象学是不可能的,因为它将是一个没有主题的现象学:客观的视野是把宗教主体的存在性关怀排除在外的。宗教现象学必须既是存在性的又是诠释性的。这两个特点是由宗教生活或宗教现象本身的两个基本要素决定的,即人与神圣者的关系。     

Flexible parafoveal encoding of character order supports word predictability effects in Chinese reading: Evidence from eye movements

Several eye-movement studies have revealed flexibility in the parafoveal processing of character-order information in Chinese reading. In particular, studies show that processing a two-character word in a sentence benefits more from parafoveal preview of a nonword created by transposing rather than replacing its two characters. One issue that has not been investigated is whether the contextual predictability of the target word influences this processing of character order information. However, such a finding would provide novel evidence for an early influence of context on lexical processing in Chinese reading. Accordingly, we investigated this issue in an eye-movement experiment using the boundary paradigm and sentences containing two-character target words with high or low contextual predictability. Prior to the reader’s gaze crossing an invisible boundary, each target word was shown normally (i.e. a valid preview) or with its two characters either transposed or replaced by unrelated characters to create invalid nonword previews. These invalid previews reverted to the target word once the reader’s gaze crossed the invisible boundary. The results showed larger preview benefits (i.e. a decrease in fixation times) for target words following transposed-character than substituted-character previews, revealing a transposed-character effect similar to that in previous research. In addition, a word predictability effect (shorter fixation times for words with high than low predictability) was observed following both valid and transposed-character previews, but not substituted-character previews. The findings therefore reveal that context can influence an early stage of lexical processing in Chinese reading during which character order is processed flexibly.

     

简析休谟的自由观

休谟关于自由有三种表述:自发自由、中立自由和自由.其中,自发自由就是自由,两者都与强制对立,与必然一致,而中立自由则是必然的缺无.他采取相容论立场,认为一个行动既是有原因的,又是自由的,一方面通过批驳中立自由巩固心理决定论,另一方面通过反驳彻底决定论在宗教上的运用以巩固自由学说,最终让心理决定论和自由学说一起为责任奠基.然而,他所肯定的不受强制反而模糊了自由的含义,并且,他的调和策略由于避开了相容论的关键问题,因而也值得商榷.这一切都源于他的经验论立场.     

A Meeting of the Conceptual and the Natural: Wittgenstein on Learning a Sensation‐Language

Since the rise of modern natural science there has been deep tension between the conceptual and the natural. Wittgenstein's discussion of how we learn a sensation‐language contains important resources that can help us relieve this tension. The key here, I propose, is to focus our attention on animal nature, conceived as partially re‐enchanted (in the sense recommended by John McDowell). To see how nature, so conceived, helps us relieve the tension in question, it is crucial to gain a firm and detailed appreciation of how the primitive‐instinctive, a central part of animal nature, actually serves the conceptual. I offer such an appreciation by closely examining §244 of the Philosophical Investigations and Peter Winch's discussion of it. The general aim is to bring out a certain kind of Wittgensteinian “naturalism” (not as a theory but as a general reminder), a “naturalism” that is fully alive to the rootedness of conceptuality in nature. A concomitant aim is to illustrate the truth of Wittgenstein's saying that in philosophy one often has to pay close attention to details.     

Time in philosophy and in physics: From Kant and Einstein to Gödel

The essay centers on Gödel's views on the place of our intuitive concept of time in philosophy and in physics. It presents my interpretation of his work on the theory of relativity, his observations on the relationship between Einstein's theory and Kantian philosophy, as well as some of the scattered remarks in his conversations with me in the seventies — namely, those on the philosophies of Leibniz, Hegel and Husserl — as a successor of Kant — in relation to their conceptions of time.For the physical world, the four dimensions are natural. But for the mind, there is no such natural coordinate system; time is the only natural frame of reference.Gödel, conversation on 15.3.72