科研成果与大学教师教学效果的关系研究

对2364门大学课程的评估结果进行分析,从实证角度考察了大学教师的教学效果和科研成果之间的关系。研究结果表明,大学教师的科研成果和教学效果呈正相关,教师的科研对教师的教学有促进作用。     

A Preliminary Study on the Use of Mobile Phones amongst Migrant Workers in Beijing

The past decade has witnessed the rapid growth in the number of mobile phone users in China. According to a survey conducted amongst migrant workers and reported in this study, mobile phones have become sufficiently affordable for an overwhelming majority of migrants. Drawing on examples from Beijing, this article discusses the implications of mobile phone usage among migrant workers in China. Through an analysis of their stories about their daily lives, this paper attempts to explicate migrant workers’ mobile phone usage against a background of their alienated situation in Beijing. The author explores the responses of the migrants to their situation in relation to the social usage of mobile phone and specifically introduces and discusses four concepts for understanding patterns of migrant mobile phone use: feigned presence, concern in absence, jianghu relations, and romantic relations. The paper ends with the conclusion that the patterns of mobile phone usage contribute to changes in migrant workers’ way of life. Residual problems and avenues of future research that arise from this study are also discussed in the conclusion.

中学生写作(认知)能力的构成因素

采用开放式问卷和深度访谈方法,分别对来自不同普通中学的54名语文教师和5名语文特级教师进行调查.结果发现:中学生写作(认知)能力可归纳为思维能力、文本形成能力和基本文书能力,其中思维能力主要包括深刻、灵活、批判、独创和敏捷等要素,文本形成能力主要包括审题、立意、选材、组材和表达等要素,基本文书能力主要包括写作相关的语言知识的了解与应用.     

左前额叶与趋近动机加工的关系

在加工正性情绪时, 前额叶左侧激活水平大于右侧。而正性情绪往往伴随着趋近动机。因此为了探索这种现象反映的究竟是正性情绪加工还是趋近动机加工, 文章总结了两个研究领域中的有关证据：来自特质或状态愤怒情绪与左前额叶相对激活关系领域的研究证据和来自身体姿势变化(包括整体姿势变化和单侧肌肉紧缩)对左前额叶相对激活的影响领域的研究证据。前者的一致发现是：左前额叶参与加工由愤怒情绪引发的趋近动机。后者的一致发现是：不同的身体姿势能够改变左前额叶的相对激活水平。两种领域的研究证据汇聚起来证明左前额叶参与加工趋近动机。文章还指出了将来研究的注意事项和可能方向：精确定义回避型愤怒; 探索愤怒情绪是否在加工晚期诱发趋近或回避动机; 探索不同方式诱发的趋近动机是否在脑机制上存在差异。     

教师职业枯竭研究综述

本文综述了几十年有关教师职业枯竭的研究,介绍了教师职业枯竭的概念、教师职业枯竭的表现维度（情绪衰竭、去人性化、个人成就感降低）、教师职业枯竭的形成过程及不同教师表现出的枯竭类型（精疲力竭型、狂热型、能力富余型）、教师职业枯竭的实证研究（教师与其他行业的职业枯竭的比较研究、教师职业枯竭的人口统计学变量研究、教师职业枯竭与人格因素的关系研究）和研究理论（“付出一回报”不对称理论、枯竭发展“四阶段论”、习得性无助论、共变模型）,探讨了教师职业枯蝎的解决策略等。     

Motion direction discrimination training reduces perceived motion repulsion

Participants often exaggerate the perceived angular separation between two simultaneously presented motion stimuli, which is referred to as motion repulsion. The overestimation helps participants differentiate between the two superimposed motion directions, yet it causes the impairment of direction perception. Since direction perception can be refined through perceptual training, we here attempted to investigate whether the training of a direction discrimination task changes the amount of motion repulsion. Our results showed a direction-specific learning effect, which was accompanied by a reduced amount of motion repulsion both for the trained and the untrained directions. The reduction of the motion repulsion disappeared when the participants were trained on a luminance discrimination task (control experiment 1) or a speed discrimination task (control experiment 2), ruling out any possible interpretation in terms of adaptation or training-induced attentional bias. Furthermore, training with a direction discrimination task along a direction 150° away from both directions in the transparent stimulus (control experiment 3) also had little effect on the amount of motion repulsion, ruling out the contribution of task learning. The changed motion repulsion observed in the main experiment was consistent with the prediction of the recurrent model of perceptual learning. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that training in direction discrimination can benefit the precise direction perception of the transparent stimulus and provide new evidence for the recurrent model of perceptual learning.     

生命科学中的"扮演上帝":合理性与责任性

"扮演上帝"是一个主要用来描述生命科学及生物技术发展并对其进行社会评价的习语.在生存与发展意义上,人类有充分的理由去扮演上帝.随着越来越多的生命秘密被揭示,人类获得了越来越多的似神力量.人类应该扮演上帝,人类能够扮演上帝,人类不得不去扮演上帝,扮演上帝已成为人类的宿命.基于自然界和生命世界的复杂性以及知识的有限性,人们在扮演上帝时要有更多的耐心和责任.     

农户林地使用权流转意愿影响因素的实证分析

农户是林地使用权流转的重要主体。规范和推进林地使用权流转应当充分尊重农户的流转意愿。本文基于农户微观视角,运用江西铜鼓县和靖安县77户农户调查数据,实证分析了农户林地使用权流转意愿的影响因素。研究结果表明:地区差异因素、农户是否以非农收入为主、流转是否容易以及林地地块数量因素对农户的林地使用权转出意愿有显著影响。而流转是否容易、农户是否以非农收入为主、户主年龄、林地地块数量因素对林地使用权转入意愿影响显著。本文还提出了尊重农户意愿、保障农户收益、提高农户的非农收入水平、加强政策引导、稳定林权、完善流转市场及相关机制、考虑地区差异等建议。     

活体肝移植应用及其伦理学思考

目前,肝移植已成为治疗终末期肝病的有效手段。活体肝移植术部分解决了供肝短缺的问题,10多年来发展迅速,并取得了良好的疗效。但开展这一技术时务必需要遵循知知情自愿原则和利益和风险并存等原则,注意活供体肝移植在伦理学方面尚未解决的问题。