"以病人为中心"医疗服务模式的理念与发展

纵观20世纪医疗服务的发展历程,医疗服务的发展经历了“以疾病为中心”的传统医疗服务模式到“以病人为中心”的新的医疗服务模式的转变;目前,以“以病人为中心”的医疗服务模式已经成为我国现代医院改革与发展的主题。因此,在阐述医疗服务模式变革与发展的基础上,系统论述了“以病人为中心”的医疗服务模式的内涵与特点,新的理念、新的认识,也带来了新的希望,新的医疗服务模式将不断地改善与提高人们的健康状况与生活质量。     

Windowed cross-correlation and peak picking for the analysis of variability in the association between behavioral time series

Cross-correlation and most other longitudinal analyses assume that the association between 2 variables is stationary. Thus, a sample of occasions of measurement is expected to be representative of the association between variables regardless of the time of onset or number of occasions in the sample. The authors propose a method to analyze the association between 2 variables when the assumption of stationarity may not be warranted. The method results in estimates of both the strength of peak association and the time lag when the peak association occurred for a range of starting values of elapsed time from the beginning of an experiment.     

Large number discrimination in 6-month-old infants

Two experiments with the Stroop paradigm were conducted to investigate the role of phonological codes in access to the meaning of Chinese characters. Subjects named the ink color of viewed characters or color patches. Key items were color characters, their homophones with the same tone, homophones with different tones, and semantic associates. Apart from finding the usual Stroop interference effect, homophones produced significant interference in the incongruent condition, provided that they had the same tone as the color characters. The interference effect from homophones, however, was significantly smaller than that from color characters. Semantic associates generated an interference effect in the incongruent condition, an effect of the same magnitude as the effect from the same-tone homophones. Finally, in the congruent conditions, all the key items yielded facilitations compared to neutral controls, though the facilitation from color characters was larger than the facilitations from other types of characters. These findings suggest that phonological codes in Chinese are activated obligatorily and provide early sources of constraint in access to meaning.     

Perception of dynamic acoustic patterns by an individual with unilateral verbal auditory agnosia

Previous studies have found that subjects diagnosed with verbal auditory agnosia (VAA) from bilateral brain lesions may experience difficulties at the prephonemic level of acoustic processing. In this case study, we administered a series of speech and nonspeech discrimination tests to an individual with unilateral VAA as a result of left-temporal-lobe damage. The results indicated that the subject's ability to perceive steady-state acoustic stimuli was relatively intact but his ability to perceive dynamic stimuli was drastically reduced. We conclude that this particular aspect of acoustic processing may be a major contributing factor that disables speech perception in subjects with unilateral VAA.     

师生关系与中小学生学校适应性的关系

师生关系作为儿童人际关系的一部分,是儿童社会化的重要内容,对儿童的学校适应产生重要影响。本研究运用问卷法、访谈法等对6个年级867名中小学生进行测查,以了解中小学生师生关系对学生学校适应性的影响。结果表明:(1)中小学生学校适应性与师生关系之间存在显著正相关;(2)师生关系是影响学生学校适应性的重要因素。其影响程度从大到小依次为:亲密性、主动性、合作性;年龄也影响学生的学校适应性,但程度较小。     

今、帛、竹书《周易》疑难卦爻辞及其今、古文辨析(三)

(竹)革,攺日(?)孚,元羕貞,利貞,呣亡。 (帛)[勒,巳日乃]復,元亨,利貞,(?)亡。 (今)革,巳日乃孚,元亨,利貞,悔亡。 本卦今本与竹书作"革",帛本作"勒",古从"革"之字亦可与"革"通假。如《诗·小雅 ·斯干》:"如鸟斯革。"《释文》:"革,《韓诗》作(革羽)。"是其证。另,《玉篇》言部释"諽"曰:"一 日更也,或作惮。"《玉篇》解"諽"为"更也",显然以义通"革"。 今本"巳日"之"巳",帛本缺,竹书作"攺"。作"巳"与"攺",其义一也。案《说文》释 "攺":"攺讀若巳。"是其证。     

小学生心理素质与学业成绩的关系

运用《瑞文标准推理测验》和自编的《小学生心理素质问卷》对1247名小学生作心理素质团体测试。利用方差分析和聚类分析,探讨小学生心理素质与学业成绩的关系。结果表明:(1)总体上,学业成绩高分组心理素质优于学业成绩中等组和低分组,学业成绩中等组优于学业成绩低分组。(2)分年级看,不同年级不同学业成绩组的小学生在心理素质因素上的差异有不同。(3)学业成绩高分组学生主要分布在心理素质较好的水平层次,学业成绩中等组主要分布在心理素质中等水平层次上,而学业成绩低分组主要分布在心理素质不好的水平层次。     

Anticipatory postural adjustments for altering direction during walking

The authors examined how individuals adapt their gait and regulate their body configuration before altering direction during walking. Eight young adults were asked to change direction during walking with different turning angles (0 degree, 45 degree, 90 degree), pivot foot (left, right), and walking speeds (normal and fast). The authors used video and force platform systems to determine participants' whole-body center of mass and the center of pressure during the step before they changed direction. The results showed that anticipatory postural adjustments occurred during the prior step and occurred earlier for the fast walking speed. Anticipatory postural adjustments were affected by all 3 variables (turn angle, pivot foot, and speed). Participants leaned backward and sideward on the prior step in anticipation of the turn. Those findings indicate that the motor system uses central control mechanisms to predict the required anticipatory adjustments and organizes the body configuration on the basis of the movement goal.     

A comparison of the multimemory and detection theories of know and remember recognition judgments

Know and remember recognition judgments were made in 2 experiments. In Experiment 1 either 3 (new, know, remember) or 4 (new, guess, know, remember) judgment alternatives were used. Also, the recognition test was either immediate, delayed 2 days, or delayed 1 week. In Experiment 2 the proportion of test items that were studied items was either .20, .50, or .80. Predictions were made from 2 multimemory theories regarding how proportions of know and remember judgments would change with these manipulations. Predictions were also made from 2 detection theories regarding the values of memory sensitivity and judgment criteria. The results supported the revised detection theory, which assumes unequal variances for studied and unstudied items, more than the multimemory theories. Furthermore, general processing tree versions of the 2 multimemory models were created including guessing processes. These extended models were shown to be inadequate in accounting for the data from the 2 experiments.     

赫斯特职业评估系统的修订及地域性常模的初建

该文对美国赫斯特评估系统公司推出的《赫斯特职业评估系统》(1992年版)作了修订。修订工作自1997始,2000年结束。修订后的10项纸笔测验和8项操作测验中,有2项开发出了计算机测试软件并制作了光盘。标准化样组由江苏省13个地级市随机抽样的1320名被试组成。修订的测验结构效度较好,信度较高。