论王念孙、王引之父子的易学解释

王氏父子的易学承接清初顾炎武易学之端绪,以易学文本为旨归,通过理解和解释《周易》经传文本的字词句,建立了一套行之有效的、具有方法论意义的经典解释学。他倡导因声求义的方法,发现《周易》二十四个通假字,提出了"诸说并列则求其是"、"以己意逆经义"、"证以成训"的易学和经学原则。反对增字解经,排斥脱离文本的象数解经,更反对为解经随意改变文本等,有别于惠栋、张惠言、焦循等人的易学而独具特色,对于《周易》疑难卦爻辞文字解释具有独特的意义,成为清代乾嘉时期以文字学方法解《易》的巅峰,为后世解释易学文本意义提供了典范。然而,王氏父子对于易学乃至经学的研究仅仅停留在文字训诂的层面上,未能由此开显出义理,是其缺憾。他们反对远离文本的汉代象数,却以汉人卦气说反对其纳甲、爻辰、旁通等说,同样令人难以置信。     

表达形式影响自我积极偏向的表现:来自P200的证据

该研究运用事件相关电位技术,采用肯定和否定的表达方式呈现自我参照任务,探讨不同表达方式对自我积极偏向效应的影响。实验一中,行为数据显示,自我积极偏向效应表现的并不完整;ERP数据显示,P200波幅的结果与行为数据结果相一致。实验二中,行为数据显示,自我积极偏向效应表现得完整;ERP数据显示,P200成分上并未产生任何实验效应。综合两个实验结果,证明了不同表达方式对自我积极偏向效应的表现存在影响。导致这种差异的根本原因可能在于两种表达方式造成的注意资源不同。     

抑郁症发病机理中的重要调节因子:吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶

抑郁症的发病存在多种假说,其中较为公认的有细胞因子假说,下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质(hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical,HPA)轴假说,单胺能假说,神经可塑性假说等,不同假说可能从不同角度探讨抑郁症的病理机制,但各种假说都与吲哚胺2,3-双加氧酶(indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase,IDO)的调节有关。IDO是一种色氨酸降解酶,其活性能够被前炎性细胞因子所增强。IDO活性的增强使色氨酸更多地代谢为犬尿氨酸(kynurenine,KYN),从而可能导致生成5-羟色胺(serotonin,5-HT)的原料不足,5-HT生成减少。而且,色氨酸-犬尿氨酸代谢通路的下游产物犬尿喹啉酸(kynurenicacid,KYNA),喹啉酸(quinolinic acid,QUIN)及3-羟基犬尿氨酸(3-hydroxykynurenine,3HKYN)等影响神经元的再生与退化。另外,应激激素也可以通过色氨酸2,3-双加氧酶(tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenaes,TDO)或免疫系统影响IDO的功能。IDO是抑郁症多种假说病理机制中的共同调节因子,可能在抑郁病的发病中具有重要作用。     

Visual working memory for dynamic objects: Impaired binding between object feature and location

In daily life, people frequently need to observe dynamic objects and temporarily maintain their representations in visual working memory (VWM). The present study explored the mechanism underlying the binding between perceptual features and locations of dynamic objects in VWM. In three experiments, we measured and compared the memory performance for feature-location binding of multiple dynamic and static objects. The results showed that the feature-location binding was impaired for the dynamic objects compared with the static objects. The impairment persisted when the global spatial configuration of the objects remained intact during the motion, as well as when the binding task was relatively easy, such as binding between single-feature objects and coarse locations. The results indicate that object features and locations are not maintained in VWM as well-integrated object files; rather, the formation of feature-location binding may require additional processes, which are disrupted by the constant change of locations in dynamic circumstances. We propose a consolidation process as possible underlying mechanism, and discuss factors that may influence the strength of feature-location binding in dynamic circumstances.     

核辐射对消化系统损害的防治策略

消化系统中多个器官具有细胞代谢快、易受核射线损伤的特点,成为骨髓以外最容易遭受核辐射破坏的身体部位.日本核电站的泄露事故,使核辐射再度成为世界的焦点.随着人们对电离辐射认识的增加,核辐射对消化系统的损害也逐渐受到重视.本文通过对消化系统的损害机制的研究,论述了核辐射对消化系统的损害的防护和治疗策略.     

医学发展之道

医疗方式是生存方式的一个重要方面.自然生存中的医学是自然医学,技术生存中的医学是技术医学.相对于自然医学,技术医学在手段上进步了,却离人性更远了.医学将向人文医学发展,力图实现自然、技术与人的和谐.     

达比加群酯在抗凝治疗中的研究进展

新型口服抗凝药达比加群酯具有强效抗凝、出血风险低、无需特殊监测、药物相互作用少等优点,能显著降低卒中和栓塞性疾病的风险,同时显著降低出血事件的发生和血管性死亡率。它的问世是抗凝治疗领域和潜在致死性血栓预防领域的一项重大进展。     

新闻学领域的道德困境及其解读

大众传媒及其工作者在新闻实践中经常面临着道德价值选择冲突问题,需要我们在伦理的反思批判中逐渐达成共识。通过对新闻学领域内较为常见的客观报道与人文关怀的冲突、隐性采访与社会正义的冲突、舆论自由与独立审判的冲突进行解读,或许能为大众传媒及其工作者的道德价值选择提供道德依据和价值基础,从而为化解此类困境提供一定的理论思路。     

Bayesian estimation of semiparametric nonlinear dynamic factor analysis models using the Dirichlet process prior

Parameters in time series and other dynamic models often show complex range restrictions and their distributions may deviate substantially from multivariate normal or other standard parametric distributions. We use the truncated Dirichlet process (DP) as a non‐parametric prior for such dynamic parameters in a novel nonlinear Bayesian dynamic factor analysis model. This is equivalent to specifying the prior distribution to be a mixture distribution composed of an unknown number of discrete point masses (or clusters). The stick‐breaking prior and the blocked Gibbs sampler are used to enable efficient simulation of posterior samples. Using a series of empirical and simulation examples, we illustrate the flexibility of the proposed approach in approximating distributions of very diverse shapes.