论基因检测之应用及其ELSI议题的文化意涵

在基因科技的革命性发展过程中,整体社会似乎未能提供一个充分保障研究参与者与科学研究之完整性的机制.以台湾面临基因检测之挑战的经验为例,探讨了伦理、法律与社会意涵(Ethial,Legal and Social Implications,ELSI)研究如何完善规范体制的实务应用需求,并兼顾人权团体所期待的妥善保护研究参与者.     

《金刚经》中的时间和空间

《金刚经》指出,佛陀认为时间不是绝对的,空间也不是绝对的,而且,佛陀的这种非绝对的时间观已被现代宇宙学所证实。但佛陀说的经验世界和超经验世界的“空间”却是重叠的不可区分的,这点又和现代宇宙学认为的宇宙向外爆炸膨胀的观点不同。     

暗室条件下刺激大小、亮度和背景对距离判断的影响

問題在知觉心理学中,距离判断問題是心理学者一直感兴趣的問題,外国学者在这方面曾作过不少研究,积累了一些資料。依梯尔逊和埃姆斯(W. H. Ittelson & A. Jr. Ames)的实驗証明,在減縮綫索的条件下,被試用单眼观察同一距离的三张大小不同的扑克牌(标准的、比标准大一倍的、比标准小一半的),較大的显得近些,較小的远些。依梯尔逊根据一系列的实驗結果作出了这样的結論:观察者对熟知客体的主观的假定大小,是距离     

关于飞行能力的心理学預測問題

在航空事业发展的初期,最早建立空軍的一些国家,对飞行員的选拔沒有什么严格規定,只要对飞行有兴趣的人均可报名入伍。但是很快就暴露出一些严重的問題。据統計,在第一次世界大战期間,协約国的飞行員由飞机中弹而造成事故的仅占2％,由于机械故障而造成事故的占8％,而90％的事故是由于飞行員操纵錯誤所造成的。这样,关于飞行     

Do incompatible arguments cause extensive processing in the evaluation of arguments? The role of congruence between argument compatibility and argument quality

Previous studies have demonstrated that arguments incompatible with prior beliefs are subjected to more extensive refutational processing, scrutinized longer, and judged to be weaker than arguments compatible with prior beliefs. However, this study suggests whether extensive processing is implemented when evaluating arguments is not decided by argument compatibility, but by congruence between two evaluating tendencies elicited by both argument compatibility and argument quality. Consistent with this perspective, the results of two experiments show that relative to congruent arguments, participants judged arguments eliciting incongruent evaluating tendencies as less extreme in strength, spent more time, and felt more hesitant generating strength judgments for them. The results also show that it is mainly incongruent arguments, not congruent arguments, whose strength ratings were more closely associated with the perceived personal importance of the issue, which intensified the tendency to evaluate arguments depending on argument compatibility. These results suggest that it is the incongruity between argument compatibility and argument quality, and not simply the argument compatibility, that plays a more important role in activating an extensive processing in the evaluation of arguments.     

Psychologists in Academic Health Centers and Medical Centers: Being Visible,Relevant and Integral

Psychologists play key roles in academic health centers. This article is an outgrowth of a presentation at the 2015 Conference of the Association of Psychologists in Academic Health Centers addressing various strategies by which psychologists can effectively adapt to and develop successful careers in medical schools, academic health centers, and teaching hospitals. The authors encourage early career and mid-career psychologists in academic health centers to be active, engaged members of their institutions and to participate in multiple aspects of the research, educational, and clinical missions.     

Preparing Interventionists via Telepractice in Incidental Teaching for Children with Autism

Telepractice has emerged as a potentially effective means of preparing parents and educators as interventionists for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of telepractice to train interventionists to implement incidental teaching with preschool children with ASD. Three interventionists were taught to implement incidental teaching using a telepractice training package consisting of an online module, self-evaluation, and delayed performance feedback delivered via videoconferencing. A single-case multiple-baseline across-participant design was employed to evaluate the effects of the telepractice training package on interventionist acquisition and maintenance of incidental teaching. The distal effects of interventionist implementation of incidental teaching on child mands were also evaluated. Results showed that following the telepractice training program, interventionist implementation fidelity improved and child mands increased. Within six telepractice sessions, all interventionists reached the preset performance criteria of four consecutive sessions above 90 % fidelity. Changes in interventionist and child behaviors maintained at 2- and 4-week follow-up sessions. Taken together, these results suggest that telepractice is a promising method of providing instruction in incidental teaching to interventionists of young children with ASD.