Out of control: attentional selection for orientation is thwarted by properties of the underlying neural mechanisms

To avoid sensory overload, people are able to selectively attend to a particular color or direction of motion while ignoring irrelevant stimuli that differ from the desired one. We show here for the first time that it is also possible to selectively attend to a specific line orientation-but with an important caveat: orientations that are perpendicular to the target orientation cannot be suppressed. This effect reflects properties of the neural mechanisms selective for orientation and reveals the extent to which contingent capture is constrained not only by one's top-down goals but also by feature preferences of visual neurons.     

Trait emotional intelligence and mental distress: The mediating role of positive and negative affect

Over the past decade, emotional intelligence (EI) has received much attention in the literature. Previous studies indicated that higher trait or ability EI was associated with greater mental distress. The present study focused on mediating effects of positive and negative affect on the association between trait EI and mental distress in a sample of Chinese adults. The participants were 726 Chinese adults (384 females) with an age range of 18–60 years. Data were collected by using the Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that EI was a significant predictor of positive affect, negative affect and mental distress. Further mediation analysis showed that positive and negative affect acted as partial mediators of the relationship between EI and mental distress. Furthermore, effect contrasts showed that there was no significant difference between the specific indirect effects through positive affect and through negative affect. This result indicated that positive affect and negative affect played an equally important function in the association between EI and distress. The significance and limitations of the results are discussed.     

证与病、体质关系的探讨

中医学中的“证”包含着对疾病、药物及体质等多方面相互作用的认识,关于病及体质失衡的知识是构成证的两大基本内容;现代医学是一种暗含所有人体质都相同的简化理论,在现代对疾病认识的基础上,从疾病与体质相互作用角度来研究人体与疾病,可以获得更全面的认识,从而弥补现代疾病理论的不足,是现代疾病理论的发展方向.     

公立医院补偿机制改革之政府补偿方式探讨

从公立医疗服务准公共产品特性和医疗服务的性质两个方面,强调了政府对公立医院补偿的必要性和合理性,并指出了政府补偿中存在财政补偿不足、缺乏补偿标准、监管不力等问题.同时,针对政府补偿现状提出了加大政府对公立医院的投入;设计科学合理的公立医院财政补偿制度;加强对公立医院财政投入资金的监管等政策建议.     

胸中段食管癌右胸单一切口术式的临床应用

探讨食管癌右胸单一切口术式的临床应用价值.分析经右胸单一切口的25例患者与同期行右胸及上腹两切口的25例患者的对照研究.比较两组病例的手术时间、失血量、淋巴结清扫数量、并发症的发生率以及生存情况.两组手术在失血量、淋巴结清扫个数及并发症方面比较无显著差异(P＞0.05).右胸单一切口术式可达到与右胸及上腹两切口术式同样的手术效果.     

青少年早期抑郁的自尊缓解假设的追踪研究

本研究采用追踪设计和青少年自我报告法,以初一年级598名青少年为研究对象,运用分层多元回归分析,考察其自尊缓解生活事件对抑郁的影响是否随自尊与抑郁之间的时间间隔而异。发现当前自尊显著缓解压力事件对抑郁的即时作用和长期作用;先前自尊不能显著缓解先前压力事件对抑郁的长期作用,反而加剧压力事件的长期作用。这些发现对青少年抑郁的干预将有重要启示。     

Feature integration is not the whole story of the sequence effects of symbolic cueing

ABSTRACT

Sequential modulations in symbolic cueing tasks have been attributed to complete versus partial repetition/alternation of stimulus features between consecutive trials. This feature-integration hypothesis is questioned by recent findings and further investigated in the present study. In the first two experiments, when the cueing axes switched between trials, only complete alternation of cue directions and target locations existed. Nevertheless, significant sequence effects were still found in this condition, which did not support the feature-integration hypothesis. Furthermore, although sequence effects were still significant when stimulus identities were manipulated in Experiment 3, it was abolished when different cue categories (gaze and arrow) were presented as cues in Experiment 4. The findings suggest that the integration of stimulus features is not the only source of the sequential effect and some higher level cognitive mechanisms, possibly as described in the task-file or task organization hypotheses, are involved in the sequential modulations of symbolic cueing.     

子结构逻辑的研究方法与应用前景

现代逻辑由众多的逻辑分支组成,各个分支有着自己的背景和发展动因,各个逻辑分支的相对独立发展成了逻辑研究的一道风景线。随着近年来子结构逻辑(substructural logics)研究的不断深入,这种情况有所改变。“子结构逻辑”的名称出现在20世纪90年代[1],它是一大类逻辑的统称,涉及基本子结构逻辑(basic substructural logic)与经典逻辑之间的各个现代逻辑分支,包括Lambek演算[2]、线性逻辑[3]、衍推逻辑、相干逻辑、BCK逻辑[4]、极小逻辑、直觉主义逻辑,以及多种正规的和非正规的模态推演,具有宽广的研究视野。子结构逻辑的特点是:从结构规…