患者知情同意权代理行使的法律思考

患者知情同意权代理行使是医疗实践中普遍存在的问题。我国相关法律存在规定原则性过强、与患者自主决定权之间存在矛盾以及对侵犯患者利益的救济途径不明确等不足。应从确立患者利益最大化原则、将知情同意权代理行使的相关规定具体化以及适度运用紧急避险原则等几方面完善我国的患者知情同意权代理行使制度。     

脑外伤患者焦虑抑郁状况及其与生命质量的相关性分析

了解脑外伤患者焦虑、抑郁状况,并探讨其与生命质量的相关性.应用医院焦虑抑郁量表(HAD)、生命质量量表(MOS SF-36)对200例脑外伤患者进行问卷调查.结果显示患者焦虑发生率为36.46％,抑郁发生率为42.71％,而且患者焦虑、抑郁情绪评分与生命质量总分及各维度评分均呈负相关,即焦虑、抑郁情绪越严重者,其生命质量越低.     

叙事疗法的生命伦理学关怀

简要回顾了叙事疗法的诞生和在中国的传播过程,探讨了叙事疗法在三个方面的生命伦理学关怀:以生命权力的平等为前提、以人文生态的和谐为途径、以生命意义的丰富为旨归.最后探讨分析了叙事疗法的发展潜力,并指出叙事疗法所蕴含的生命伦理学关怀是一个重要的推动因素.     

肥胖致心肌脂毒性的机制的研究进展

肥胖是体内脂质过度沉积的一种状态,其不仅可引起糖脂代谢紊乱、胰岛素抵抗,从而继发糖尿病、高血压、冠心病等疾病,而且当脂质水平超过脂肪细胞的储存容量及出现胰岛素抵抗时,血液中游离脂肪酸含量会随之升高,进而可引起脂质在心脏的异位沉积.沉积于心肌细胞的脂质可进一步通过神经酰胺、内质网应激等机制影响心肌细胞的结构和功能,最终导致心力衰竭的发生.但肥胖所致心肌脂毒性具体机制不明,本文就肥胖所致心肌脂毒性可能机制做一综述.     

血清抵抗素水平在冠状动脉支架内再狭窄中意义的研究

分析冠状动脉支架术后支架内再狭窄患者血清中抵抗素及γ干扰素(INF-γ)、白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-4、IL-10的水平变化,探讨这种变化在冠状动脉支架术后支架内再狭窄中的意义.应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定45例冠状动脉内支架植入术后合并支架内再狭窄患者血清中抵抗素、INF-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10的浓度,并与无冠心病患者45例、未行支架植入术的冠心病患者45例及行支架术但是无支架内狭窄患者128例进行比较(入选病例血糖水平均正常).未行介入治疗组血清中抵抗素、INF-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10的浓度与无冠心病组无差异.支架术后但无支架内狭窄的患者与无冠心病组无差异.冠状动脉内支架植入术后合并支架内再狭窄患者血清中抵抗素、INF-γ、IL-2高于无冠心病者、植入支架未狭窄者、未植入支架者,而IL-4、IL-10低于无冠心病者植入支架未狭窄者、未植入支架者.支架内狭窄患者血清中抵抗素水平增高,并能引发Th1/Th2水平失衡,在支架内再狭窄的发生、发展中起重要作用.     

本科护生共情能力的干预效果研究

探索能够提高护生共情能力的干预模式,为改善护生的沟通技能提供参考.以杰弗逊共情量表-护生专用版(JSPE NS)为研究工具,采用系统随机抽样方法抽取86名学生作为研究对象,并随机分为干预组和对照组各43名.两组学生均参加正常的人文课程学习,干预组还接受观看视频、小组讨论等.86名学生完成了研究.干预组的共情得分高于对照组(P＜0.001),干预组女生的共情得分从干预前107.42提高到119.33,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.001),干预效果对于男生并不明显,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).男生与女生具有不同的共情特点,女生的干预效果要优于男生.培训课程的学习对提高护生的共情能力具有积极的意义.     

无意识情绪对建议接受的影响

以101名大学生为被试,用掩蔽刺激启动无意识情绪,探讨无意识情绪对建议接受程度的影响,并分析自信度在其中的作用.结果表明:(1)相较于中性情绪,无意识正性情绪或无意识负性情绪会使个体更倾向于采纳他人建议,且无意识负性情绪的作用更明显;(2)个体的自信度水平在情绪和建议接受度之间具有调节作用;(3)在接受建议后,无意识负性情绪和无意识正性情绪组个体的自信度提升量高于中性情绪组,且无意识负性情绪组提高更多.     

Bidirectional Mediating Role of Loneliness in the Association Between Shyness and Generalized Pathological Internet Use in Chinese University Students: A Longitudinal Cross-Lagged Analysis

Abstract

This 1-year longitudinal study examined the bidirectional mediating role of loneliness in the association between shyness and generalized pathological Internet use (GPIU) in a sample of 291 Chinese university students (143 men, mean age =?19.07?years). A fully cross-lagged panel design was used in which shyness, loneliness, and GPIU were assessed at 3 time points separated by 6-month intervals (named T1, T2, and T3). The results indicated that relationships among shyness, loneliness, and GPIU were dynamic and bidirectional. Specifically, T1 shyness positively predicted increased T2 loneliness, T2 shyness positively predicted increased T3 loneliness, and T2 loneliness positively predicted increased T3 shyness. Additionally, T1 GPIU positively predicted increased T2 loneliness, T2 GPIU positively predicted increased T3 loneliness, and T2 loneliness positively predicted increased T3 GPIU. Loneliness was found to play a bidirectional mediating role in the association between shyness and GPIU. Specifically, T1 shyness and T3 GPIU were mediated through increased loneliness at T2, and T1 GPIU and T3 shyness were mediated through increased loneliness at T2. Furthermore, relationships among shyness, loneliness, and GPIU were the same across the 2 groups, with the strength of relationships being stronger for men.     

The Application of Behavioral Family Therapy to Chinese Aggressive Children

Behavioral Family Therapy (BFT) generally targets four typical disruptive behaviors among children ages from 2 to 7 years: noncompliance, aggression, tantrums, and negative talk. This study tests the effect of BFT on 20 Chinese aggressive children (16 boys and 4 girls) who were assigned to a BFT group or a control group. The results showed that the children's level of aggression in the BFT group reduced significantly compared to that of the control group, and the gains were maintained at a 6-month follow-up. These findings support the use of BFT as a treatment modality for Chinese aggressive children.     

The Stability of Literacy-Related Cognitive Contributions to Chinese Character Naming and Reading Fluency

The present study examined the developmental issue of cognitive factors that explain Chinese literacy. Phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming, short-term memory, orthographic awareness and morphological awareness and two literacy tasks (character naming and reading fluency) were administered to 408 second-graders, 428 fourth-graders and 496 six-graders. Results from linear regression analysis and path analysis model showed that the five reading-related cognitive constructs explained unique variances in character naming. Second, character naming is primary for reading fluency after controlling other cognitive constructs; third, the relation between the cognitive factors and literacy changes significantly as a function of reading skills. Results give a clear direction to understanding Chinese reading development.