骨组织工程研究的方法论检讨及其思路创新

目前骨组织工程的研究十分注重分析和实验的方法,走的主要是还原论的道路.系统科学的进展表明,生物体功能的行使远非简单的子系统叠加,单纯的还原论方法遇到了挑战.系统论更适合于骨组织工程研究的方法论指导.讨论整体论与还原论相结合的骨组织工程研究的创新思路,探讨建立体内灌注诱导成骨微环境系统这一创新性的近同构模型.     

暴露前药物预防HIV感染研究中的伦理问题及对策

暴露前预防作为一项新的预防HIV感染策略是当前研究的热点.已有的研究证明这一策略有潜在的大量减少HIV感染风险的作用,很可能成为预防HIV感染的一种强有力的新策略.然而正处于临床实验阶段的PrEP面临着一系列的伦理问题,解决好这些问题,是这项新策略能顺利进行的重要保障.     

家庭收入与高中生幸福感:社会支持与性别因素的作用

为探讨家庭收入与幸福观的关系，并着力考察性别和社会支持在其中所起的作用，该研究采用家庭收入问卷、社会支持评价量表和总体幸福感量表对520名高中生进行调查，结果发现：（1）高中生家庭收入可显著正向预测总体幸福感；社会支持在两者间起完全中介作用。（2）性别因素对社会支持在家庭收入与总体幸福感之间的中介效应具有调节作用。家庭收入显著正向预测女生的社会支持，而对男生社会支持的预测不显著。研究结果揭示了家庭收入对幸福感的作用机制，可为高中生幸福感提升提供有益指导。     

公私对立与公私并济——宋儒对《孟子》中舜的行为的合理性论证

学界对《孟子》中舜的行为是否合理纷争不已,主要原因在于,未阐明舜或孟子看待亲亲与守法公正之关系的特定视角。对此,宋儒阐发了公私对立与公私并济两种观点,从道德责任角度论证舜的行为的合理性,彰显出公私观的多维伦理意涵。公心与私意对立的道德价值观阐明,合理的行为出于主体道德责任意识与伦理角色的合宜要求,并排除主观情欲与私自用智的干扰。公义与私恩并济的政治伦理观则揭示出公私领域既分明、又可能重叠之事实,以及家庭与社会双重责任的不容推卸性。据此,有效化解恩义伦理困境的方式不是恩义的价值高低排序与选择,而是出于伦理责任与仁义道德的恩义两全与恩义不相害。     

Fast times and easy questions: the effects of age,experience and question complexity on web survey response times

This paper examines response times (RT) to survey questions. Cognitive psychologists have long relied on response times to study cognitive processes but response time data have only recently received attention from survey researchers. To date, most of the studies on response times in surveys have treated response times either as a predictor or as a proxy measure for some other variable (e.g. attitude accessibility) of greater interest. As a result, response times have not been the main focus of the research. Focusing on the nature and determinants of response times, this paper examines variables that affect how long it takes respondents to answer questions in web surveys. Using the survey response model proposed by Tourangeau, Rips, and Rasinski (2000), we include both item‐level characteristics and respondent‐level characteristics thought to affect response times in a two‐level cross‐classified model. Much of the time spent on processing the questions involves reading and interpreting them. The results from the cross‐classified models indicate that response times are affected by question characteristics such as the total number of clauses and the number of words per clause that probably reflect reading times. In addition, response times are also affected by the number and type of answer categories, and the location of the question within the questionnaire, as well as respondent characteristics such as age, education and experience with the Internet and with completing web surveys. Aside from their fixed effects on response times, respondent‐level characteristics (such as age) are shown to vary randomly over questions and effects of question‐level characteristics (such as types of questions and response scales) vary randomly over respondents. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.