The Development and Evaluation of a Sexual Harassment Inventory

This study represents a beginning in the development of a questionnaire designed to measure sensitivity to the impact of sexual and nonsexual harassment. Specifically, the Harassment Sensitivity Inventory (HSI) is an 18-item inventory developed to assess sensitivity to the negative effects of male to female sexual and nonsexual harassment in a work setting. This article describes the development of the HSI and discusses initial psychometric data collected with a sample of managers and supervisors employed by a midwestern municipality. Although additional research is needed to further clarify the validity and reliability of the HSI, the instrument holds promise as a mechanism for exploring attitudes of individuals who may perpetrate, permit, or experience harassing behaviors. The HSI may have a future role in the development and evaluation of programs designed to prevent or alleviate harassing behaviors.     

Project Choices: Adventure-Based Residential Drug Treatment for Court-Referred Youth

Project Choices is a residential treatment program for drug-abusing adjudicated adolescents that employs the adventure-based counseling model to instill change. Its goals have been to reduce conduct-disordered behavior associated with delinquency and drug use. Thus far, the program has proved effective.     

Visual control of locomotion

Abstract.— How is locomotion controlled? What information is necessary and how is it used? It is first of all argued that the classical twofold division of information into ex-teroceptive and proprioceptive is inadequate and confusing, that three fundamental types of information need to be distinguished and that the information is used in a continual process of formulating locomotor programs, monitoring their execution and adjusting them. The paper goes on to show (1) how steering could be controlled on the basis of the “locomotor flow line” in the optic array, which specifies the potential future course, whether curved or straight, and (2) how stopping for an obstacle could be controlled simply on the basis of the information in the optic array about the time-to-collision and its rate of change. The problems inherent in pedestrian locomotion of controlling footing and balance are discussed and an investigation of visual locomotor programming in the long jump reported.     

Self-Actualization Need Strength: Moderator of Relationships Between Job Characteristics and Job Outcomes

The moderating effect of self-actualization need strength on the relationships between job characteristics and job outcomes was investigated. Results provide strong support for its effect on the relationships between job complexity and four of five outcome measures and suggest that responses of workers in the public and private sectors are similar.     

A MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURE FOR ANALYZING FAIRNESS IN SELECTION1

A model for examining tradeoffs between rate of minority hiring and quality of selectees is presented. Each case is to be defined in terms of the selection ratio, the relation of outcome to predictor within each group, and other parameters. It is shown that, in a representative case, substantial changes in the rate of minority hiring have only small effects on the quality of the work force. How changes in this rate affect indices of adverse impact and other aspects of fairness is also examined.     

中国劳动心理学概况

列宁称为“資产阶級剝削底最巧妙的殘酷手段”和“最丰富的科学成就”的太罗制,关于它的主要著作的中譯本在1916年出版以后,資本主义国家的“应用心理学”、“工业心理学”陆續被介紹到我国来。这类介紹性的文章在1934—1936年的一段时間內数量最多。一部分心理学者抱着“工业救国”的心腸(这是民族資产阶級的立場)提倡“工业心理学”以为它对发展工业会有所帮助。另一部分人則有意識地企图用它为官僚資本剝削和     

Lifting weights in neonates: Developing visual control of reaching

To test whether newborn babies take account of external forces in moving their limbs, spontaneous arm-waving movements were measured while the baby lay supine with its head turned to one side. Free-hanging weights, attached to each wrist by strings passing over pulleys, pulled on the arms in the direction of the toes. The results showed the babies applied compensatory forces to keep the hand they faced moving in the same region. In contrast, the (invisible) contra-lateral hand was pulled down by the weights. In a second experiment, where the arms were occluded, both arms were pulled down, suggesting that sight of the arm was necessary in compensating for the weight. In a third, conclusive experiment the babies viewed the arm they were not facing on a small video-monitor and this time the babies kept the visible contra-lateral hand up despite the weights. The results challenge the general view that spontaneous arm movements of neonates are purposeless and either reflexive or due to spontaneous patterned efference to the muscles. Instead, the findings suggest that in waving their arms, neonates are developing visual control of reaching.     

Rape Prevention: Experiential Training for Men

There are an increasing number of programs in which the needs of rape victims are addressed. Unfortunately, less attention has been given to developing proactive programs targeting the potential or actual perpetrator. The author describes an experiential program in which men are educated about rape and are helped to increase their empathic understanding of victims.     

THE EFFECT OF MOOD ON THE RELIABILITY OF ESSAY ASSESSMENT

Summary . One potential source of bias that has not been examined in relation to the grading of essays is that of the mood of the marker. Several lines of research in social psychology can be generalised to predict different assessment outcomes as a function of mood. This study examined the effect of mood on student grading of children's essays. Markers first watched a film designed to induce either a positive or a negative mood state. They then graded nine essays, including a number of target essays. Mood affected only the first essay graded. The results do not support a mood effect in essay assessment.