Note on the computation of product-moment correlation coefficients

This paper describes a systematic plan for computing all of the product-moment correlation coefficients among a number of variables that has been taught by Professor Toops for many years. It offers several advantages over a scheme presented by Kossack in a recent issue of this journal.     

TWO IMAGES OF MAN: CONFUCIAN AND KANTIAN

The main point of this paper is that the two images of man (Kantian and Confucian) are radically different from each other. The mainstream Con-fucianists (Confucius- cum -Mencius and their followers) and Kant have different foci and address different concerns and problems. Further, their manners of presentation are different, and the manners are reflections of the substantive issues they address respectively.     

Maintenance Communication in Superior-Subordinate Work Relationships

In a series of two studies, this research (a) identified strategic situations in which superiors and subordinates felt the need to maintain their relationships, (b) delineated communication tactics and strategies that supervisors and subordinates consciously enacted to maintain their relationships, and (c) investigated how superiors and subordinates in different kinds of relationship exchanges employed maintenance communication behaviors and activities in strategic maintenance situations. Findings indicated that approximately 50% of the maintenance situations that respondents identified concerned deteriorating interactional contexts, 25% concerned escalating situations, and 25% concerned routine situations. In addition, results suggested that although there may be similarities across situations with respect to the overall strategies that superiors and subordinates use to maintain their relationships, how they enact those strategies is fairly unique depending on the situation and the quality of the leader-member relationships (as perceived by subordinates).