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231.
The aim was to construct a social attitude scale for children and to assess its reliability and construct validity, employing a sample of 226 children, aged 8–15, from schools within metropolitan Stockholm. The results showed the precision, test-retest reliability and internal consistency for the total scale to be moderate among younger subjects (8, 10 and 12 years) and acceptable among older ones (14 and 15 years). Confirmatory factor analyses revealed different factor structures for the various age groups. Only two factors were identified for the 8 year olds, while three, four, and five factors were obtained for the 10, 12, 14, and 15 year old subjects, respectively. The factors were, in consecutive order of appearance, Religion, Punitiveness, Ethnocentrism, Political-economic conservatism, and Environmental issues. Implications for attitude measurement among children and directions for further research on structural aspects of attitudes are discussed. 相似文献
232.
233.
动态面孔表情优势效应是指较静态面孔表情而言, 个体在识别动态的面孔表情时表现出较好的识别能力。动态面孔表情优势效应的心理机制主要涉及增强的构形加工、补偿角色和面孔模仿能力。此外, 该优势效应的神经网络则由核心的神经网络和扩展的神经网络组成, 前者主要负责早期的知觉编码和刺激的运动加工, 而后者与个体的面孔模仿能力、刺激的动态表征等有关。今后的研究应集中在完善延伸的神经网络、拓展其心理机制; 开展动态面孔表情优势效应的发展性研究; 考察面孔表情的刚性运动特征; 注重在虚拟现实环境下研究动态面孔表情的优势效应。 相似文献
234.
The main objective of this study was to examine the associated factors of the early postpartum depression, in a Turkish sample of 151 postnatal women. Besides positive and negative affect and marital adjustment measures, demographic and labor related variables, which may affect the postpartum depression, were also included into the study. To reveal the critical factors associated with the early postnatal depressive mood, a regression analysis was conducted. After controlling for the variance accounted for by age and number of children, negative affect and marital maladjustment measures were found to be significant associates of postpartum depression. These findings are discussed in the light of the literature.This work has been supported by the Turkish Academy of Sciences, in the framework of the Young Scientist Award Program. (TG-TUBA-GEBIP/2002-1-11). 相似文献
235.
Özlem Şimşekoğlu Timo Lajunen 《Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour》2009,12(3):235-241
Seat belts are effective safety devices for protecting car occupants from injuries and fatalities in road vehicle accidents. Seat belt use has been reported to be related to some health and driving-related behaviors. The aim of the present study was to investigate to what degree seat belt use can be seen as health behavior or driver behavior. Participants were 252 licensed Turkish drivers (180 males, 72 females) with the mean age of 30.8 (SD = 12.15). A questionnaire including questions related to health-related behaviors, driver behaviors and seat belt use was used. Results of factor analysis showed that seat belt use in front seat grouped with driver behaviors (e.g., driving errors and violations) but not with health-related behaviors (e.g., healthy diet and sports participation). Regression analyses showed that seat belt use in back seat; and, regular walking and adequate sleep were positively related to seat belt use in front seat, whereas being male, driving errors and smoking frequency were negatively related to seat belt use in front seat. The present findings suggest that seat belt use can be considered in the context of driver behaviors such as driving errors and violations. 相似文献
236.
237.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between three perceived parental attitudes and shyness, testing self-esteem
and fear of negative evaluation as mediators. The study used a total of 492 undergraduate students in Turkey. Data was collected
through measures of shyness, fear of negative evaluation, self-esteem, and perceived parental attitudes. The proposed model
was estimated using path analysis. Goodness of fit statistics showed that the model fit the data well. Results indicated that
parental acceptance/involvement predicted self-esteem; perceived parental strictness/supervision predicted fear of negative
evaluation; and perceived parental psychological autonomy predicted self-esteem. Self-esteem partially mediated the relationship
between parental acceptance/involvement and shyness, whereas it fully mediated the relationship between parental psychological
autonomy and shyness. Fear of negative evaluation fully mediated the relationship between parental strictness/supervision
and shyness. In addition, the relationship between self-esteem and shyness was partially mediated by fear of negative evaluation.
The findings provided evidence for the propositions that parental attitudes are important in the development of self-image
and fears of rejection which result in the experience of shyness. 相似文献
238.
Purpose The aim of this study was to systematize findings in role stress research into original and conceptually important abstract
higher-order constructs and to develop and test a comprehensive structural equation model that examined such expanded conceptualizations
of antecedents and consequences to entrepreneur role stress.
Design/Methodology/Approach Model tests were performed on data from a sample of 282 Swedish entrepreneurs (a usable rate of 22.5%) engaged in their first-year
of venture activities. We used structural equation modeling, mediation tests and tests for common method bias to test the
appropriateness of the model.
Findings We found that role stress can be explained by expansions of lower-ranked, less abstract constructs embedded in a multiple-indicator
model of venture technology, venture environment, and entrepreneur personality. The analysis confirmed that role stress is
an important mediator and that it has pronounced relationships to expanded conceptualizations of role-related rewards and
exhaustion.
Implications This study advance role stress theory and existing knowledge about entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship when it introduces role
stress and suggests it mediates the effects from personality traits, organizational and environmental characteristics, on
higher-order conceptualizations of rewards and exhaustion.
Originality/Value With contributions from several distinct disciplines over a half decade, prior research has not paid much attention to show
how role stress research can benefit from more abstract conceptualizations and empirical evaluation. By synthesizing and developing
expanded higher-level conceptualizations that link diversities, we show that expanded conceptualizations effectively enable
to introduce role stress to entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship. 相似文献
239.
This study reports three experiments which demonstrate path dependency in risky intertemporal choice. Consider a lottery to be resolved and paid in a future time period. One can obtain the present value of this lottery in three different ways: (1) eliciting directly the present certainty equivalent (CE) of the future lottery (direct path); (2) eliciting the future CE and then discounting this amount to the present (risk‐time path); and (3) eliciting the present value of the risky prospect and then determining the CE of this current lottery (time‐risk path). Standard rational choice models such as the discounted expected utility model, assume a multiplicative model, where all three methods mentioned above would yield the same value. We conducted three studies to examine if this is the case: Experiments 1 and 2 were based on a set of matching‐task questions and Experiment 3 used a process‐tracing design to analyze the natural sequence of decision making by the subjects. These three studies show that the evaluation of future gambles is path‐dependent. The present values elicited under the time‐risk and direct paths are, on average, higher than those reported under the risk‐time path. In addition, we found evidence for a two‐stage evaluation of risky future prospects: When evaluating a future gamble, individuals first assess the present value of the gamble (time discounting) and then they determine a certainty equivalent (probability discounting). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
240.
Decision makers and forecasters often receive advice from different sources including human experts and statistical methods. This research examines, in the context of stock price forecasting, how the apparent source of the advice affects the attention that is paid to it when the mode of delivery of the advice is identical for both sources. In Study 1, two groups of participants were given the same advised point and interval forecasts. One group was told that these were the advice of a human expert and the other that they were generated by a statistical forecasting method. The participants were then asked to adjust forecasts they had previously made in light of this advice. While in both cases the advice led to improved point forecast accuracy and better calibration of the prediction intervals, the advice which apparently emanated from a statistical method was discounted much more severely. In Study 2, participants were provided with advice from two sources. When the participants were told that both sources were either human experts or both were statistical methods, the apparent statistical‐based advice had the same influence on the adjusted estimates as the advice that appeared to come from a human expert. However when the apparent sources of advice were different, much greater attention was paid to the advice that apparently came from a human expert. Theories of advice utilization are used to identify why the advice of a human expert is likely to be preferred to advice from a statistical method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献