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961.
Relationship between specific disfluency variables and dichotic listening in stutterers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
86 stutterers' disfluency patterns were examined in relation to their laterality preferences. Results suggest that young stutterers are a heterogeneous group and that specific disfluency variables were not related to ear preferences on a dichotic consonant-vowel listening task. 相似文献
962.
Visual correction of a rapid goal-directed response 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of dynamic and static visual cues in improvement of accuracy during a pointing movement. In the experiment, subjects were required to point finger rapidly at visual targets as accurately as possible. Movement amplitude was 15 cm, and movement times ranged from 100 to 190 msec. Three visual feedback conditions were applied: no feedback, dynamic ongoing feedback on the complete hand trajectory, and static error feedback on the movement end-point. Two spatial movement outcomes were considered, mean constant error and intraindividual dispersion of pointings. Data were analyzed with regard to effects of feedback and speed. Under the no-feedback condition, accuracy was lowest; constant error was not speed-dependent, whereas dispersion increased with speed of movement. Accuracy was highest under the complete feedback condition and was speed-dependent, as shown by both constant error and dispersion. Under error feedback, accuracy was intermediate and was also speed-dependent. The results are discussed in terms of the interchange between correcting mechanisms vs delayed control within the motor regulatory processes. 相似文献
963.
The comparable worth controversy has generated much discussion about the appropriate valuation of job worth. To date, academic inquiries into the measurement of job worth have focused primarily on job evaluation; however, recent court decisions suggest that market wages are a more compelling indicator of job worth than are job evaluation results. This paper examines the construct of "market wage" and the process by which it is measured (wage surveys). It is argued that both the construct and the measurement of the market wage have not been sufficiently examined by either academics or the courts. Implications for pay administration and future research are noted. 相似文献
964.
VALIDITY GENERALIZATION RESULTS FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT OCCUPATIONS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Schmidt-Hunter interactive validity generalization procedure was applied to validity data for cognitive abilities tests for law enforcement occupations. Both assumed artifact distributions, and distributions of artifacts constructed from information contained in the current sample of studies were used to test the hypothesis of situational specificity and to estimate validity generalizability. Results for studies using a criterion of performance in training programs showed that validities ranged from .41 to .71, and for four test types the hypothesis of situational specificity could be rejected using the 75% decision rule. For the remaining test types, validity was generalizable, based on 90% credibility values ranging from .37 to .71. Results for studies using a criterion of performance on the job indicated that the hypothesis of situational specificity was not tenable for three test types, which had validities between .17 and .31. For the remaining test types, estimated mean true validities ranged from .10 to .26 and were generalizable to a majority of situations. Results for both groups of studies were essentially identical for the two types of artifact distribution. Possible reasons for the apparently lower validities and lesser generalizability for job performance criteria are discussed, including possible low validity of the criterion (due to lack of opportunity by supervisors to observe behavior) and the potential role of noncognitive factors in the determination of law enforcement job success. Suggestions for specifically targeted additional research are made. 相似文献
965.
INFLUENCE OF ASSESSMENT CENTER METHODS ON ASSESSORS'RATINGS 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
WILLIAM H. SILVERMAN ANTHONY DALESSIO STEVEN B. WOODS RUDOLPH L. JOHNSON JR 《Personnel Psychology》1986,39(3):565-578
Recently a number of authors have argued persuasively that performance ratings are influenced to a large extent by the way the rater selects, organizes, stores, and recalls information. Although the influence of the rater's cognitive processes on the obtained ratings has been considered in the job-performance evaluation literature, this issue has not been considered in the assessment center literature. The purpose of the present study was to examine how assessment center methods affect the way assessors organize and process assessment center information and affect the ratings they make. Independent groups of assessors underwent one of two methods for evaluating candidates in an assessment center. Data indicated differences in the convergent and discriminant validities and differences in the factor structures of the ratings for the two methods. The pattern of results suggested that the two methods for evaluating assessment center candidates affected the way the assessors organized the assessment center information and affected the obtained ratings. Future research should consider assessment center methods and assessors as sources of variation in assessment center ratings. 相似文献
966.
This study examined supervisor perceptions and subordinate reactions to formal performance-appraisal reviews. The performance-appraisal behaviors of supervisors and the reactions of their subordinates were studied in a sample of university employees. A factor analysis revealed that there were three dimensions of formal performance appraisals: two developmental dimensions (being supportive; emphasizing performance improvement) and one administrative dimension (discussing pay and advancement). Regression analyses suggested that supervisors supported highly rated individuals and stressed improvement efforts for poor performers. After controlling for the level of previous performance ratings, results indicated that support in the appraisal review was associated with higher levels of employee motivation, while discussing pay and advancement was associated with higher levels of employee satisfaction. Unfortunately, improvement efforts by the supervisors did not influence job performance one year later. 相似文献
967.
968.
With the Structured Psychopathological Evaluation-System (SPES) an instrument existed for employment of objective criteria. This study was designed to present an evaluation system based on new scientific results, that is applying on the strength of a reduced catalogue of symptoms (94 compared with 198 Items at SPES-A) to clinical routine. Additional findings differentiated by this system be able to classify by the help of an operational decision system. 相似文献
969.
295 expert opinans of the NVA (National People's Army) in conditions after craniocerebral traumas for which an EEG findings was present were subjected to an retrospective analysis to determine the importance of EEG for export opinion. In 59.3% of cases EEG was significant for expert opinion, but was of prime importance only in 1.3%. In 161 expert opinions the total damage of the body was determined. This gave the possibility of a statistical correlation of individual EEG findings with the extent of the body damage. Mean percentage values of the individual degrees of severity of EEG changes could be calculated on the basis of these data. The great importance of EEG for military medical opinion could also be confirmed in comparison with 8 other clinical data and findings. 相似文献
970.
The authors sum up the most important basic principles of diagnostics and genetics of the schizophrenic psychoses from the viewpoint of genetic counseling for the practising psychiatrist and medical geneticist. Regarding genetic counselling strategy, in addition to nosological considerations, they stress the importance of socio-cultural and social psychological factors and of the emotional atmosphere in the family, which should all be taken into account together. Because of the special situation of schizophrenic (and in general, psychiatric) patients and their families, they regard it as advisable to set up a separate psychiatric genetic counselling service. 相似文献