明尼苏达多相个性调查表在我国修订经过及使用评价

本文介绍了明尼苏达多相个性调查表在我国试用及修订的经过。此项工作分为四个阶段进行。一、将英文的M.M.P.I.译成中文(曾参考香港张妙清博士修订的中文版,未作大的改动),先在局部地区试用。二、根据试用中发现的问题,进行必要的修改。三、成立全国性的协作组,使用初步修订后的版本,在我国广大地区进行测查。四、重译、修订。 经过我们的试用,证明此调查表的信度、效度水平均较高,在我国具有一定使用价值,特别对精神病的临床诊断意义更大。应予注意的是在分析测验结果时,务必以本民族的常模为标准。由于各个民族的生活方式、民族传统文化及历史背景各不相同,因此必须根据我国民族的特点,尽快制订出具有我国特点的、简便易行的个性调查表。     

DNA-sequence patenting: National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) position paper

In November 2000, the Genetic Services Committee of the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) convened a working group to draft a position paper on patenting of DNA-sequences. The mandate of the group was to produce general position statements that support the perspective and needs of consumers of DNA-based genetic tests and therapies (our patients and their families) and participants in DNA-based genetic research. After review and discussion of the literature on DNA-sequence patenting issues, the working group drafted position statement points that support current United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) guidelines; broad licensing of DNA-sequence patents; nonenforcement of DNA-sequence patents in noncommercial research; reasonable royalty rates; an informed consent process for research participants that discloses whether they can share in any financial rewards relating to the project; the development of guidelines for licensing of DNA-sequence patents; and the establishment of oversight organizations to monitor licensing of DNA-sequence patents. These position statements were approved by the NSGC Board of Directors in the fall of 2001.