视知觉神经心理障碍的内隐和外显加工分离及其神经基础

外显和内隐认知功能区别的关键是有无意识觉察的出现,脑损伤神经心理障碍为探讨内隐/外显加工的“纯净”分离提供了可能。通过对典型的视知觉神经障碍中的盲视、认识不能、单侧忽视的内隐和外显加工分离的实验证据及其神经基础的探讨,证明了视知觉神经心理障碍的内隐加工完好和外显加工损伤之间的分离,说明内隐和外显加工有着不同的神经基础,但这种分离的神经基础是什么以及这种分离的本质还有待于进一步的研究。视知觉神经心理障碍的内隐/外显加工的反向损伤是没有进行研究的领域。     

高技术工作团队的交互记忆系统及其效果

交互记忆系统近来被认为是影响工作团队绩效的重要特性之一。以往的研究局限于实验室样本或者由学生组成的临时团队,该研究从高技术企业中选取190个工作团队作为样本,考查了团队的交互记忆系统与团队中的其它现象之间的关系。研究除了发现Lewis的量表中有两个题目不理想外,还发现交互记忆系统与团队成员之间的信任、合作性目标导向具有显著的正相关,同时交互记忆系统与团队的工作绩效和凝聚力也具有显著的关系。该文在检验团队层次的现象时,通过计算团队成员在相应变量上得分的一致性(rwg)来检查加总分析的合理性,这是从事团队层次的研究中需要遵循的方法     

动、名词词类特异性损伤的研究现状

词汇的各类知识信息（如,语法信息）在人脑中的表征和加工方式是当前学者们研究的热点之一,以患者为研究对象已成为了其中一种重要的研究手段。期间,人们发现脑损伤使得一些患者对动词或名词表现出选择性认知加工障碍,即出现了动、名词词类特异性损伤。通过探讨这一现象发生的机理,将为揭示词类的语法信息在人脑中的表征和加工方式提供了契机。文章介绍了这一现象的表现形式,即一些脑损伤患者对有关动词的知识比有关名词的知识丧失得更严重,而有些患者的损伤模式却与其恰好相反。另外,文中也阐述了对该现象的3种理论解释：语法解释、语义－概念解释和词典解释。     

3—6岁不同民族儿童颜色命名发展的比较

该文报告了我国大陆地区的汉族、蒙族、维族、壮族、白族及哈尼族3-6岁儿童的颜色命名发展的水平与差异。采用8种常见色片,即红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、紫及黑、白作为本实验用色样。结果表明：6个不同民族儿童的颜色正确命名率均随年龄增长而提高,不同民族儿童的颜色正确命名率存在一定差异。从总平均结果值来看,汉族儿童正确命名率为75．7％,蒙族为74．9％,哈尼族为59．8％,壮族为57．8％,白族为56．3％,维族为42．9％。对不同颜色的正确命名难易程度是不同的,但总的发展趋势是一致的,正确命名颜色的先后发展次序是：先是黑色、红色、白色,然后是黄色和绿色,再后是蓝色,最后是紫色与橙色。对儿童给予早期颜色命名教育可以明显提高和促进其颜色命名能力的发展。     

Maybe There Are No Subject-Predicate Sentences in Chinese

In this essay, I argue for the conclusion that the Chinese sentences that are regularly translated into subject-predicate sentences in English may be understood as all non-subject-predicate sentences. My argument is based on the premise that some grammatical features are crucial to yield the sense of contrast between the completeness of subject and the incompleteness of predicate. The absence of such grammatical features in Chinese makes it impossible to establish any criterion for the distinction between subject and predicate in Chinese.     

Self-construal priming modulates the scope of visual attention

Although it is well documented that cultures influence basic cognitive processes such as attention, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that self-concepts that characterize people from different cultures mediate the variation of visual attention. After being primed with self-construals that emphasize the Eastern interdependent self or the Western independent self, Chinese participants were asked to discriminate a central target letter flanked by compatible or incompatible stimuli (Experiment 1) or global/local letters in a compound stimulus (Experiment 2). Experiment 1 showed that, while responses were slower to the incompatible than to the compatible stimuli, this flanker compatibility effect was increased by the interdependent relative to the independent self-construal priming. Experiment 2 showed that the interdependent-self priming resulted in faster responses to the global than to the local targets in compound letters whereas a reverse pattern was observed in the independent-self priming condition. The results provide evidence for dynamics of the scope of visual attention as a function of self-construal priming that switches self-concept toward the interdependent or independent styles in Chinese.     

Parental Support for Autonomy and Child Depressive Symptoms in Middle Childhood: The Mediating Role of Parent–Child Attachment

To facilitate understanding of the factors associated with child depressive symptoms in middle childhood, we examined the roles of parental support for autonomy and parent–child attachment in child depressive symptoms among 150 Chinese parent–child dyads. The participating children’s ages ranged from 6 to 12 years old. Parental support for autonomy was coded from a conflict resolution and a cooperation task. Children reported their depressive symptoms and their attachment relationships with the participating parents. After controlling for parent depressive symptoms, parental support for autonomy was associated with fewer child depressive symptoms. The association between parental support for autonomy and child depressive symptoms was mediated by parent–child attachment quality, suggesting that parental support for autonomy was negatively associated with child depressive symptoms through its positive association with parent–child attachment quality. Moreover, the positive association between parental support for autonomy and parent–child attachment quality was stronger for older children. The current study expanded the knowledge on parental support for autonomy in middle-childhood and its association with parent–child relationships and child mental health. Future research is encouraged to pay more attention to the role of parental support for autonomy in various aspects of child development for children in middle-childhood and pre-adolescence.     

Opposing effects of stimulus-driven and memory-driven attention in visual search

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review - When one searches for a specific target in a cluttered visual scene, a perceptually salient stimulus or a stimulus that matches working memory’s contents...     

宗教体验的情绪活动与生理活动研究

宗教体验是人在宗教活动中的心态或体悟及伴随的情感体验,有强烈的情感特征。为了探讨宗教体验的情绪变化特征及其与生理活动的相关性,本研究用自编图片诱发情绪,以情绪调查表记录诱发情绪前后18名基督徒和非基督徒大学生的情绪主观体验变化,同时采用多导生理仪记录了其自主神经生理指标和脑电波。结果表明,基督徒与非基督徒的主观体验差异显著,并在C3C4电极所记录的脑区表现出θ波能量差异。总体上,基督教的宗教体验与普通的情绪体验不同,基督徒更多的是正性情绪体验。