现代语境中的伦理学和伦理学家

现代语境中的伦理学面临着科技理性主义和市场商业化的双重挤压,致使伦理学原有的知识边界和学理方法均被突破.现代社会之公共生活领域与私人生活领域的日趋分化以及前者对后者日益增强的压迫,又使得伦理学在不得不承受双重挤压的同时,还经历着自身知识结构的急剧转型.凡此种种都给现代社会的伦理学和伦理学家提出了诸多新的理论课题,如何应对和处理这些课题,将不仅关系到作为一门经典人文科学的伦理学之未来发展,而且也将考验当代伦理学家承诺自身学术道义和理论责任的能力.     

Atomic configurations of twin boundaries and twinning dislocation in superconductor Y0.6Na0.4Ba2Cu2.7Zn0.3O7− δ

Two types of twin boundaries in superconductor Y_0.6Na_0.4Ba₂Cu_2.7Zn_0.3O_{7? δ} , the cation-centered and oxygen-centered types, and the associated twinning dislocation have been studied by high-resolution electron microscopy. The structure map projected in the [001] direction was obtained from a single image by means of the image deconvolution technique. In this map, all columns of metallic atoms appear as individual black dots, and hence the two types of twin boundaries are distinguished from each other at atomic level. It is seen that the twinning dislocation occurs when the two types of twin boundaries meet each other. The structure model of the twinning dislocation together with the two types of twin boundaries has been derived straightforwardly based on the positions of black dots seen in the deconvoluted image.     

The Dialogue of Ḥikma: Generating Harmony in Muslim–Non-Muslim Relations

This article seeks to explain the concept of the dialogue of ?ikma as a qur'anic principle in developing harmony in Muslim–non-Muslim relations. Living together harmoniously is essential in a community made up of a myriad of cultures and religions. Efforts to create harmony can be realized through the dialogue of ?ikma and by inculcating it as the culture in daily life interaction. This is truly essential in the context of mixed-faith families. In order to explore how the dialogue of ?ikma can be applied in Muslim–non-Muslim relations, this article examines the experience of Muslim converts living together with their non-Muslim families of origin. The research was conducted through in-depth interviews with selected Muslim converts from a variety of cultural backgrounds, living in the area of Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. The results indicate that Muslim converts share similar experiences in applying the dialogue of ?ikma as a mechanism for solving family problem arising as a result of conversion to Islam.     

Feeling good: autonomic nervous system responding in five positive emotions

Although dozens of studies have examined the autonomic nervous system (ANS) aspects of negative emotions, less is known about ANS responding in positive emotion. An evolutionary framework was used to define five positive emotions in terms of fitness-enhancing function, and to guide hypotheses regarding autonomic responding. In a repeated measures design, participants viewed sets of visual images eliciting these positive emotions (anticipatory enthusiasm, attachment love, nurturant love, amusement, and awe) plus an emotionally neutral state. Peripheral measures of sympathetic and vagal parasympathetic activation were assessed. Results indicated that the emotion conditions were characterized by qualitatively distinct profiles of autonomic activation, suggesting the existence of multiple, physiologically distinct positive emotions.     

大学生心理需求网络满足问卷的编制

从大学生网络使用可满足的心理需求出发,通过对网络成瘾者的深入访谈发展出与大学生网络使用有关的心理需求结构,编制了大学生心理需求网络满足问卷,分别选取418名和1183名大学生对问卷进行预试和正式施测,结果表明：（1）大学生心理需求网络满足问卷由权力、认同、迎接挑战、人际交往、逃避现实、自主、认知和成就等8种需求构成,问卷具有较好的结构效度和信度;（2）验证性因素分析结果表明大学生心理需求网络满足问卷的结构合理,模型拟合较好;（3）大学生网络使用的心理需求问卷和心理需求现实满足问卷与心理需求网络满足问卷具有相同的结构,其信度和效度达到了心理测量学的要求;（4）网络成瘾大学生和非成瘾大学生的心理需求并不存在显著差异,但网络成瘾大学生心理需求的现实满足程度显著低于非成瘾大学生,而网络满足程度显著高于非成瘾大学生,说明问卷具有较好的区分效度。这一结果同时提示在大学生网络成瘾中可能存在心理需求网络满足补偿机制。     

愚昧无知的后果往往是可怕的——对一起迷信“走火入魔”个案的分析

在信仰问题上,当前社会上有一种认识,即认为迷信鬼神是劝导人们向善的,是抑恶的行之有效的手段,不少人由此产生了迷惑,以为敬畏鬼神是一种有益的,至少是一种无害的。这种认识使得人们对封建迷信和迷信活动抱相当宽容的心态,甚至扩散到了包括共产党员在内这样本应是无神论者的     

The Accuracy of Self-Reports of Condom Use and Sexual Behavior

In a study of the accuracy of self-reports of sexual behavior and condom use, 285 single, young adults in a large metropolitan area were interviewed once a week for 52 weeks, reporting on their sexual behavior each week. At 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month intervals, the individuals also provided self-reports of the number of times they had engaged in sex and the number of times they had used condoms since they began participating in the study. These self-reports were compared with aggregates of the weekly data, which served as a comparison standard for accuracy evaluation. The results indicate a fairly high level of accuracy in self-reports, but with 2% to 5% outliers who are highly inaccurate. The results tend to favor the assessment of sexual behavior over moderate time durations (3 or 6 months) rather than short or long durations (1 month or 12 months) when trying to maximize self-report accuracy. Accuracy was attenuated for individuals who tended to engage in sex frequently, especially at the 12-month time durations.     

Effects of recent exposure to a conditioned stimulus on extinction of Pavlovian fear conditioning

In six experiments we studied the effects of a single re-exposure to a conditioned stimulus (CS; "retrieval trial") prior to extinction training (extinction-reconsolidation boundary) on the development of and recovery from fear extinction. A single retrieval trial prior to extinction training significantly augmented the renewal and reinstatement of extinguished responding. Augmentation of recovery was not observed if the retrieval and extinction training occurred in different contexts. These results contrast with those reported in earlier papers by Monfils and coworkers in rats and by Schiller and coworkers in humans. We suggest that these contrasting results could depend on the contrasting influences of either: (1) occasion-setting contextual associations vs. direct context-CS associations formed as a consequence of the retrieval trial or (2) discrimination vs. generalization between the circumstances of conditioning and extinction.     

Do multicultural experiences facilitate global processing style?

The current research explores whether multicultural experiences facilitate global processing style. We conducted two experiments in which participants were exposed to either a multicultural experience or a monocultural experience. They were required to either perform the Navon letter task (Experiment 1) or search for similarities or differences between two videos (Experiment 2). The experimental results showed that, compared to the participants exposed to a monocultural experience, those exposed to a multicultural experience had faster reaction times to global letters (Experiment 1) and tended to search for similarities (Experiment 2). This indicates that individuals with multicultural experiences facilitate a global processing style. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd, Asian Association of Social Psychology and Beijing Normal University