大学生心理需求网络满足问卷的编制

从大学生网络使用可满足的心理需求出发,通过对网络成瘾者的深入访谈发展出与大学生网络使用有关的心理需求结构,编制了大学生心理需求网络满足问卷,分别选取418名和1183名大学生对问卷进行预试和正式施测,结果表明：（1）大学生心理需求网络满足问卷由权力、认同、迎接挑战、人际交往、逃避现实、自主、认知和成就等8种需求构成,问卷具有较好的结构效度和信度;（2）验证性因素分析结果表明大学生心理需求网络满足问卷的结构合理,模型拟合较好;（3）大学生网络使用的心理需求问卷和心理需求现实满足问卷与心理需求网络满足问卷具有相同的结构,其信度和效度达到了心理测量学的要求;（4）网络成瘾大学生和非成瘾大学生的心理需求并不存在显著差异,但网络成瘾大学生心理需求的现实满足程度显著低于非成瘾大学生,而网络满足程度显著高于非成瘾大学生,说明问卷具有较好的区分效度。这一结果同时提示在大学生网络成瘾中可能存在心理需求网络满足补偿机制。     

愚昧无知的后果往往是可怕的——对一起迷信“走火入魔”个案的分析

在信仰问题上,当前社会上有一种认识,即认为迷信鬼神是劝导人们向善的,是抑恶的行之有效的手段,不少人由此产生了迷惑,以为敬畏鬼神是一种有益的,至少是一种无害的。这种认识使得人们对封建迷信和迷信活动抱相当宽容的心态,甚至扩散到了包括共产党员在内这样本应是无神论者的     

论大学生的择业效能的培养

自我效能感是近几年来心理学研究的热点问题。大学毕业生要有良好的择业意识,如何理性提高大学生的择业效能感,成为求职心理准备和求职实务准备的首要问题。本文提出了当前大学生择业中的几种心理干预策略,为职业指导提供了新的理论视角。     

The Accuracy of Self-Reports of Condom Use and Sexual Behavior

In a study of the accuracy of self-reports of sexual behavior and condom use, 285 single, young adults in a large metropolitan area were interviewed once a week for 52 weeks, reporting on their sexual behavior each week. At 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month intervals, the individuals also provided self-reports of the number of times they had engaged in sex and the number of times they had used condoms since they began participating in the study. These self-reports were compared with aggregates of the weekly data, which served as a comparison standard for accuracy evaluation. The results indicate a fairly high level of accuracy in self-reports, but with 2% to 5% outliers who are highly inaccurate. The results tend to favor the assessment of sexual behavior over moderate time durations (3 or 6 months) rather than short or long durations (1 month or 12 months) when trying to maximize self-report accuracy. Accuracy was attenuated for individuals who tended to engage in sex frequently, especially at the 12-month time durations.     

从政治正义到社会和谐--以罗尔斯为中心的当代政治哲学反思

一引言:政治正义及其隐含的问题 在罗尔斯的政治哲学中,政治正义不仅被看做是最基本的核心理念,而且也被看做是政治哲学的全部主题.[1]罗尔斯本人对政治正义的基本解释是,通过社会或国家的基本制度安排和调节,达到全体公民之基本权利和义务的公平正义分配,从而在现代民主国家的政治框架内,实现社会普遍的公平的正义.     

边缘刺激条件下错误记忆的实验研究

随着研究的深入,研究者越来越关注错误记忆中的无意识成分。本研究试图采用边缘刺激这一方法研究错误记忆中的意识-无意识机制。结果发现,边缘刺激会引发错误记忆,但它不受刺激知觉时的意识-无意识水平限制;而且这种错误记忆-经发生便很稳定,不随测量时间间隔的延长而改变。另外。研究还发现材料这一因素往往会和其他因素交融在一起共同作用于错误记忆。     

母子性格匹配、对性格的喜欢程度与青少年期母子沟通

以成都市两所中学632对初一到高三青少年及其母亲为研究对象,分别要求他们报告自己的性格、对对方性格的喜欢程度,同时要求青少年报告母子沟通状况,以考察性格匹配、性格喜好程度与母子沟通的关系。结果显示：性格均外向,情绪均稳定,精神质程度均低的母子性格匹配类型比其他母子性格匹配类型有更好的沟通。这一结果部分支持了吻合度理论。进一步的分析发现,相对于性格匹配,性格喜好程度对母子沟通的预测力更强,而且性格喜好程度在母子性格匹配类型与母子沟通的关系中发挥了完全或部分中介作用     

Effects of recent exposure to a conditioned stimulus on extinction of Pavlovian fear conditioning

In six experiments we studied the effects of a single re-exposure to a conditioned stimulus (CS; "retrieval trial") prior to extinction training (extinction-reconsolidation boundary) on the development of and recovery from fear extinction. A single retrieval trial prior to extinction training significantly augmented the renewal and reinstatement of extinguished responding. Augmentation of recovery was not observed if the retrieval and extinction training occurred in different contexts. These results contrast with those reported in earlier papers by Monfils and coworkers in rats and by Schiller and coworkers in humans. We suggest that these contrasting results could depend on the contrasting influences of either: (1) occasion-setting contextual associations vs. direct context-CS associations formed as a consequence of the retrieval trial or (2) discrimination vs. generalization between the circumstances of conditioning and extinction.     

Depressive symptoms, cortisol, and cognition during human aging: the role of negative aging perceptions

Depressive symptoms and memory impairments are associated with heightened stress hormone levels during aging. A factor that is related to memory deficits during aging is internalized negative aging stereotypes; the idea people have about the process of aging. In this study, we assessed the associations between internalized negative aging stereotypes, depressive symptoms, subjective and objective memory assessments, and cortisol concentration among older adults. Forty older adults aged between 58 and 85 years (18 females and 22 males; mean age?±?SD: 71.25?±?8.80 years) were assessed in this study. Measures of internalized negative aging stereotypes, depressive symptoms, and both subjective and objective memory performance were assessed. Salivary samples were obtained for measurement of cortisol concentration. Stepwise linear regressions were executed in our main analyses. Internalized negative aging stereotypes were associated with increased depressive symptoms and subjective memory complaints. No significant differences were observed for objective memory performance, or cortisol concentration. Internalized negative aging stereotypes are associated with increased depressive symptomatology and subjective complaints of memory; however, they do not predict increased cortisol concentration nor objective memory performance during aging. These results indicate that the mechanism underlying the association between internalized negative aging stereotypes and cognitive impairments may not be related to dysregulations of cortisol secretion among older adults.     

人类路径整合的心理机制与神经基础

路径整合是指巡航者对与自身运动有关的信息进行整合来完成巡航任务的过程。这些与自身运动有关的信息可以是内源性的,如前庭感觉、本体感觉、动作指令的信息;也可以是外源性的,如视觉流。路径整合在许多物种中存在。人类路径整合的行为实验表明,以自我为参照系的空间表征和以环境为参照系的空间表征都有可能支持路径整合。神经科学的研究则表明,海马、内嗅皮层等内侧颞叶区域和以楔前叶等顶叶区域都与人类路径整合密切相关。